Organizational Structure And Specialisation

organizational Structure And SpecialisationIn organisational twist we ar head for the hills erect deal into groups and several(predicate) incisions. Organizational social organisation earmarks the solelyey for the strategy of coverage that drives a business, dividing it into atomic number 18as or departments that be responsible for real aspects of the visible compositions purpose.An institution divides jobs among employees to earn their goals much efficiently. on that point be varied refer factors which leave help us to create an giving medication social system .we go forth discuss them belowWork specializationWhen an psyche action received job several beat on daily bases, that undivided fall habitual to that particularised p regiontariat and draw experienced by doing that designate again and again, this is called as civilise specialization. improvements Through work specialization take of efficiency appends in employees.Disadvantages Employ ees can become bore by doing equivalent task again and again. Lack of sideline might increase by doing same task again and again.DepartmentalizationDepartmentalization is the combination of four departments operating department, merchandising department, HRM department and finance department. This is the ferment of practiceing un wish well tasks, advertising products, managing resources (hiring employees, machinery etceteratera for different tasks and providing budgets for performing different of different departments.Functional departmentalization crossing departmentalizationGeographic departmentalization dish departmentalization customer departmentalizationFunctional departmentalizationIn functional departmentalization peoples be grouped in concert concord to the work they specialize. Groups of people then perform equivalent tasks and uses similar materials. Groups atomic number 18 then further divided into sub departments.Advantages talent of employees increases by doi ng same work again and again. Hiring/firing and guideing of employees gets easier. Each department get out be responsible for their tasks.Disadvantages In this structure communication, coordination is poor and office becomes difficult in this structure.http//static.flatworld jockeyledge.com/sites/all/files/ word picturecache/ apply/27984/fwk-collins-fig06_008.jpg (htt)(Figure cover functional departmentalization)Product departmentalizationIn product departmentalization work is grouped on the floor of manufacture nighs they produce. font Nestle corporation uses product departmentalization technique for their wide range of products. Nestle produces different products ilk Nestle food, Nestle Beverages, Nestle baby cargon products etc is tickled by executives who support full responsibility for their products.http//www.emeraldinsight.com/content_images/fig/3300080301004.png (htt1)(Figure showing product departmentalization)Geographic departmentalizationIn this type of structur e departmentalization occurs on the basis of region, area. Example Standard Chartered slang has their branches almost in both city of Pakistan. Like head department of Standard Chartered Bank is in Karachi and their branches are spread over all new(prenominal) cities of Pakistan.Advantages service can be easily available for employees. Employees satisfaction increases by providing them serve in all city.Service of peerless department in one city can be different from a nonher(prenominal) department in a nonher city. This might create more or less puzzles.Duplication of resources by having really much of managers and staff. Lack of communication with head office is the disadvantages.Process departmentalizationIn ferment departmentalization department are organize to perform particular job. The members of staff are grouped together to concentrate on specific job. In process departmentalization specialization increases because worker has to focus on wiz task.Example devis ing Passport, ID Card etc.Chain of moldA chain of pedagogy set up the line of authority within the organization. It helps employee that to whom they impart be responsible. Its starting with the board of directors and ext end uped down through the various aim in hierarchy to the point where basic function of the organization carried out.centralisationCentralization is a procedure where pass away managers take stopping point in centralisation authority and power re principal(prenominal) with high-class managers. Lower take employee are non considerable that much important.DecentralizationDecentralization is the reciprocal cross of centralization. Here proviso and conclusion- reservation are distributed among employees. Decentralization has several benefits compare to centralizationEmployees get motivated by involving them in decision making conclusion making get faster. coordination improve through organizationMatrix structureMatrix structure is combination of several differ ent designs want to ruffle their benefits and avoid on that point drawbacks. Employees have to responsible for two bases.Organizational finisDefinitionA specific system of running, hold upling which represents and distinguishes an organization from another organizationORPhysical image of an organization that is jimmys, understanding, pose, norms of an organizationCharacteristics of organization finisOrganizational farming plays major role in the study of an organization. Its conks distinct determine to organization, it smoothen path for innovation and risk taking, it provides st cogency to organization. Some more characteristics of organization structure are explained below.Dominant revalueAs the name indicates dominant values are specific qualities of a someone or an organization. Major values of an organization or psyche are called as dominant value.RulesComplete framework of an organization for rising coming employees and to the existing employees. All employees m ust imitate all the rules and regulations of an organization. Example, what succession to come, when to leave, what to do and what not do etc.Organization climateIs strong-arm layout of an organization that is how the shape uping of an organization, is it surface decorated, how are employees of organization, their reduce their attitude toward clients etc?Example Standard Charted Bank. When we go at that place we give notice that building would be nicely decorated, all the employees leave have straight-laced uniform etc which is the physical representation of Standard Chartered BankPhilosophyAs we dwell for an organization costumiers are king because without costumer organization cannot run. Philosophy is the main characteristic of an organization civilization because here we emphasis on how to trade customers and how to dress costumers.Team orientationTeam orientation is another large characteristic of organisational destination. Individuals or groups of individual s are grouped together to perform different activities of an organization.Innovation and risk takingWorking on parvenu thing is called as innovation, no doubt innovation is quite dotty but it can be very helpful for an organization.https//static.flatworldknowledge.com/sites/all/files/imagecache/book/30774/fwk-carpenter-fig08_005.jpg (htt2)Example viewing organization finisMobilink GSM culture of Mobilink GSM is to totally make full customer and shareholders wants, their dominant values include business brilliance, confidence silver dollar value for public, bodily social responsibility.Sub elaborationSub culture is basically a culture with in a culture, like all(prenominal) organization has its specific culture then in organization every department has its own culture that is style of operating harbourling of merchandising department is different than finance department and similarly culture of HR department is different that grocery storeing department.Developing Organiza tional Culture opus developing a culture there are some factors which make organizational culture at a bang-up, of which some are explained below. sparing conditionsEconomic conditions has great affect on organization culture because if the time for an organization is prosperous so definitely organizations will be spirit for innovations, new ideas etc but on the other hand if time is not prosperous, there are inflations for an organizations so no doubt organization will face a lot of problems.FormationFormation or structure elbow room how are tasks ordered. In supple structured organization employees are motivated by giving them rewards etc. Employees are effrontery sizable functional condition. On the other hand if the structure of organization is nerve-racking so definitely employees will be demotivated this will decrease their interest level of work.Leadership styleLeader must implement much(prenominal) rule and regulations which are both convenient for employees to fol low as well as serviceable for organization. It is up to the leader how he controls an organization.Changing CultureChanging organizational culture is huge tough task according to expert it takes 8 years for an organization to change their culture as a whole, but mostly organizations alter their negative culture. Change in culture can be make by changing agency and resourcefulness of an organization etc. Some factors which are playing great role in changing organization culture are expound below.Mission and VisionIn order to change organizational culture changes must be made in the mission and vision pedagogy of organization. As mission and vision is communication purpose to stakeholders, mission and vision for an organization should be wisely selected.Alteration from top to down enchantment changing organizational culture it is important that whatever changes are made by an organization it should be followed by top level managers as well refuse level managers and employees be cause it is obvious if top managers are implementing new rule and they them self not following rule changing of culture might not be possible.Physical sign of culture mod culture must be physically visible that is style of working, dress of employees and attitude toward stakeholders etc must match the changed culture.LeadershipLeader provides motion for heathen alteration. It is the leader who will guide about new alteration of culture plus leader is one who will implement new culture. grandeur of cultureCulture affects over all activities of an organization. It is the culture which represents organizations that how they perform their different tasks. Culture plays lively role in the pauperism of employees and culture of an organization is the communication purpose to other stakeholders like customers, competitors etc. Some of the salient(ip) points of culture are explained below.MotivationCulture of an organization helps in the motivation of employees because if the culture of an organization is flexible employees will be encouraged they will be interested in organization, similarly if the culture of an organization is not fulfilling employees demand definitely it will have bad impact on success of an organization.Image of an organizationIt is culture which gives an organization a typical image. Culture represents an organization that is how is does an organization perform their activities how are there attitude toward customers, employees and other stakeholders.CommunicationAs discussed above culture plays great role in communication to customers and other stakeholders. Working style, building style and their attitudes attracts customers. flexibilityCulture provides flexibility in an organization by giving value to customers and having friendly working condition for employees and managers etc.Kinds of cultureThere are different types of culture, which are expressed below.Power cultureRole culture projection culturePerson cultureTask for P2Relationship am id organization structure and cultureOrganizational structure is the mechanism by which efforts and works are coordinated with supervision to produce the results that are hoped from organizational culture. One of the most important features in relationship between organizational structure and culture is that it gives clear picture to the employees about their limitations and responsibilities and so not to concern about the issues that are beyond their scope of expectation this will help employees to work more efficiently. An effective coalition between organization structure and culture gets people closer to achieve organizational end goals more efficiently.Affect of structure on organizationStructure has a great affect on the performance of organization. If the structure of an organization is flexible the employees of that organization will be motivated and they will perform their task willingly. Structure of an organization helps in maintaining communication and stresses on coordi nation. Mainly there are two kinds of structures which are given below.Tall structure.An organization which have tall structure will have deject span of control that is there will be lots of hierarchy of manager is high.Advantage low level of span of control, motivation of employees, obedient coordination.Disadvantage pricy because so many managers required for an organization, distraction of account competency, single task is passed from so many individuals in organization, slow decision.Narrow structure check to specialists single individual can handle well 8 individuals. In pin up structure of an organization there is high span of control, that hierarchy of managers is lower as compared to tall structure.Advantages less expensive because low number managers, decision making is fast, good communication among employees.Disadvantage high span of control that is pressure on manager is a lot.Example We visited Mobilink GSM Peshawar, we had an oppugn with Customer Care Department. accord to them structure of Mobilink GSM is decentralized due to which employees are cheerful from organization structure because they are involve in decision making this really motivates customers and this leads to innovations as well.Affects of culture on organizationCulture has a great affect on organization. If the culture of an organization is good corporate culture employees will be motivated and they will work efficiently and it is also the communication purpose to other stakeholders like customers, shareholders, and government etc. Some salient characteristics of organizational culture are given below.Organizational culture is the physical image of an organization.Helps in making good image of an organization.It is the communication purpose to stakeholders.Example Mobilink GSM has great friendly environment. When we visited Mobilink GSM we feel our selves like we are home we were asked about what to take and what to eat, this really attracted us and snarl us happy. Emplo yees are motivated by various methods specially by awarding them and Mobilink GSM provides their employees with necessities of life like they have air condition system in whole organization in summer while in winter they have heater system and they provide employees coffee breaks etc which increase the level of interests of employees.Task for P3Individual port at workAccording to psychologist understanding valet psyche is very tough job as we know deportment of one person will be different from another. Behavior of individual varies according to conditions around.Interpersonal behaviors are changed from individual behaviors, that is when a person is alone his/her personality changes as compared to when an individual is with other individuals.On the other hand group behavior is different from interpersonal or individual behavior. Example person named Ahmed sets with his colleagues, Ahmads attitude, style and other things which are have-to doe with with his personality will be cha nges as compared to when Ahmad is alone.PersonalityPersonality is the everydayplace model of an individuals beliefs, feelings, and behaviors which represents style of individuals involving to the environment. Personality of a person involves persons height, weight, attitude, fashion, thinking etc. factors which affect personality are given below.Heredity It involves attitudes, feelings, thinking and behavior etc that you learn from your parents, siblings etc. It is not 100% sure that your personality will resemble to your parents and siblings it may vary.Environment Your personality changes according to environment you living.If an individual owns good personality that having good attitude, good expression etc definitely that individuals behavior at work would be appreciative.PerceptionIs a method in which individual get in-coming entropy from their surroundings and then arrange and build out these to understand in a particular manner. Each in-coming information or possibility going on nearby of individual is sensed in a particular style by every individual. and then perception is a center for the communication of a person with its surroundings both at job or other place.Perceptual selectivity man minds are attacked by different information all the time. What basically perceptual selectivity means is that selecting of information by our mind to understand, it is not under the control of human being. Further components of perceptual selectivity are.Context 2. Nature of stimuli 3. Internal factors 4. alarm and traumaAttitudeIt is basically the response of an individual to all the actions happening in surrounding to it. Attitude is very important because it is attitude which represents you that is how you perform different task and how you deal things happening around you. powerfulness king of an individual is inborn quality it changes which passage of time like when an individual perform some task again and again a time may come that person will perform activity efficiently. Ability of an individual in organization is required to obtain certain goals and objectives.Task for M1Culture and structure of selected organizationThe organization which I have selected is Mobilink GSM, Pakistan. somewhat Mobilinkhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Mobilink.jpgMobilink GSM started its business as the primary GSM prison cellular cell phone services inside Pakistan through MOTOROLA Inc in 1994, afterward Mobilink GSM was purchased by Orascom telecom Holding (OTH) which is the first multi-national company of Egypt. Mobilink GSM, a subordinate of the Orascom Telecom Holding, is Pakistans primary cellular and Blackberry service supplier. Having more than 31.5 million subscribers, Mobilink holds market leadership through progressive integrated expertise, the strongest trademark and the largest range of value added services in the business. (Wikipedia , 2011)Mobilink Mission StatementThe business is devoted to give its stakeholders highes t level of satisfactionthrough admirable services and show that we as a corporation meeting our commercialas well as moral objectives, in ways that a regular sensible common expectations ofaccountable cellular corporations. (Mobilink GSM, 2011)Culture of Mobilink GSMComplete purchaser approvalAccording to Mobilink GSM clients are key to their achievements. Mobilink GSM says that costumers has expectation from us and they are doing to the outmatch of their ability to provide them quality, services more that what they have expected. We will surely work according to needs of our clients.Business brillianceMobilink GSM struggle to provide the best quality to our clients. Furthermore Mobilink seek to the uppermost standards and search to identify costumer needs every day. This leads Mobilink GSM to market leading company and gives satisfaction to the stakeholders. self-assurance honestyMobilink GSM gets arrogance in working the top moral principles in an open and frank environment, an d by devoting their promises.Value for publicMobilink GSM runs its business by its relation with peoples. Mobilink GSM gives its importance to its employees and other stakeholders and Mobilink GSM believe in cooperation.Value for employeesMobilink provide good, flexible and friendly working environment for their employees. Mobilink GSM treats their employees and managers very well and gives them good amount of salary along with security.Corporate Social ResponsibilityMobilink GSM believes that costumers and businesses are in relationship with each other. They are interdependent to each other. cosmos good corporate business Mobilink not only focuses on earning profit from society but they also spend in the prosperity of societies. (Mobilink GSM, 2011)Mobilink GSMs organizational StructureWe visited Mobilink GSM, we conducted an interview with their Customer Care department and also with HR department. According to Customer Care department and HR department organizational structure o f Mobilink GSM is Decentralized. This means that Mobilink GSM involves their lower level managers and employees in decision making.Advantages of this structure Due to this structure employees are motivated they consider organization as their family they then work efficiently. This structure leads to new innovations because employees of Mobilink GSM told us in interview that employees can give their suggestions and feedback whenever they want, and feedbacks of employees are given great attention. When their suggestions are desire by the top managers, employees are given different rewards even some employees were given Dubai return tickets.(Figure showing Organizational structure of Mobilink GSM) (Source Interview)Strategic decision makingStrategic decisions of Mobilink GSM are made by Chief Executives (Presidents) in Islamabad. Other decisions are made by directors of each department involving their lower level managers and employees as well.Task for D1RecommendationsWhen skills of employees increases salary should be increased as well.In order to keep employees motivated and efficient they should be given training repeatedly.Giving awards on good performance to employees should be maintain this will develop competition among employees.Keeping in mind conditions of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa employees should be provided good security.Each department should have emergency alarm and firing off distinguisher which would be use in case of emergency.They should provide pick and destroy system this will attract employees from competitors.Customer Care Department should be improved because too much customers are dissatisfy from their work.Customers are not satisfied from the mistakes of billing department.As compared to competitors prices are high and customer is dissatisfied with the quality as well.Outcome 2ndTask for P4Organizational or managerial theoriesBefore we discuss organizational theories it is important first to know what management is.Management The art of taking work from employees or people effectively and efficiently.Effectiveness means doing exact work as told.Efficiency doing work with less possible input and more possible output. business relationship The word manage comes from Italian word (maneggiare) and (maneggiare) itself is derived from Latin word (Manus) which means hand. Later on, in 17th and 18th centuries, French word (Mesnagement) influenced in meaning of the English word (Management)..Ranks of managementThere are leash ranks of management, high-level managers, middle-level managers and lower-level managers. Each rank has its own authorities in organization, which is discussed below.High-level managers This includes board of directors, presidents, vice presidents and chief executives. They cosmopolitanly make top decisions. They are accountable for the outside image of organization.Middle-level managers This normally includes general managers, department managers etc. They are accountable to high-level managers. The y basically acts like interpreters, they describe information of high-level managers to lower-level managers.Lower-level managers They are managers who have direct tie with employees, lower-level managers gives job to employees and takes work from them. In short its lower-level managers who run organization on daily bases.Development of management thought how does management start that which steps an organization should carry in order to manage organization diverse organizational theories are of which some are discussed below.Scientific ManagementTo turn your short skilled labor into efficient employees. This will happen by giving your employees good training that is how to perform different task and by increasing their reinforcement this will increase their interest in work. account statement scientific management is also known as Taylorism. It was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, he said that organization cannot be managed by hazy ideas it should be managed by organized rules.Principles of Scientific Management Employees should be train for more improvement and they should be motivated by giving awards etc to employees. Recruitment should be completely base on merit (scientifically). Boss should not be so strict so that employees become stressful nor should the boss be so friendly that employees do not perform their tasks effectively. When sales increases, wages should be increased as well. This will encourage employees a lot. There should be possible minimum work pressure on employees so that they can perform their tasks well.Human Relations ApproachThis approach punctuate on, that human should not be considered as machines, they should be given proper relation and breaks when workingExplanation This approach was first introduced by George Elton Mayo. He was the first person who talked about human relationships approach. He said that human beings become bored when do something for long time without proper breaks, they should be given breaks, they should be provided food, water etc while working in organization. great features of Human Relationships Approach Employees should be motivated positively not by force. Employees should not be considered as rational, they should be given breaks while working in organization. This approach stresses on team up work, because by team there is low level of work pressure on employees plus when more than one individuals are grouped together to solve specific problem they will do it more effectively as compared to an individual who is alone. immaculate AdministrationHenri Fayol introduced classical administration. Henri Fayol was suburb of Turkey who was born in 1841 and was French mining engineer. He gave 14 principles of management. Which are discussed below.Division of work To train employees in order to make them more efficient.Authority Managers should have the ability take work from employees. That he/she should be able to make employees to obey their orders.Discipline There should b e proper rules and regulations in organization and all employees must obey them. Example wearing proper uniform, coming on time and leaving on time etc. wizard of command Employees should be accountable to one boss because the number of boss in organization is more than one this will cause confusion for employees.Unity of direction in order to avoid distraction employees must go on one plan that is one direction.Subordination of person interests to the common interest Interests of organization must be given top priority. allowance There should be extra packages for employees in organization. Employees should be given good wage.Centralization It means making of decisions by managers.Hierarchy They are the managers to whom employees are accountable.Order To place right person the task that is every person should be given task according to the work they specializes.Equity managers should not be cruel or bad with employees they should be friendly with employees.stableness of staff There should not be surplus of employees not shortage of employees in organization.Initiatives Organization should focus on innovation, they should take risk in making new things.Esprit De Corps To work as team because it will ease task for every employees. (Wikipedia, 2011)Function of managementManaging almost in every organization helps in achieving organizational goals and objectives, it brings employees closer that is stresses on team work. Management plays great role on motivating employees. There are different functions of management which are planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling.Planning For achieving organization goals and objectives planning is done. That how will an organization achieve their goals and objectives. Planning further includes mission, goals, objectives, tactics, budgeting and procedure.Mission It is the very reason of existence of an organization.Goals Are the long term intentions, what an organization wants to become in future.Objectives A re short term intentions of an organization.Tactics Are methodologies utilize to achieve objectives (short term targets).Strategies Are game plans which are used to achieve long term targets of an organization (goals).Budgeting Amount of capital (money) required for achieving specific goal is called as budgeting.Procedure Is the specific way of doing some activity. OR Rules and regulations to do some work.Organizing Collecting the best resources to achieve different goals and objectives of an organization, which is having good machinery, skilled employees and managers etc.Leading guiding employees how to perform tasks in organization, how to behave clients etc.Coordinating Providing team work environment, which is helping each other in organization in order to be successful.Controlling to monitoring device how are tasks going on and is it going according to the plan or not.Motivation Without motivating employees taking work from them is so difficult. Employ