Absolute and Relative Poverty Essay

The article I chose for this assignment is titled Absolute and Relative poverty. The author talks about the difference between the two terms, likewise defining them as clearly as possible as if to ensure that the reader is clear about what the difference between being absolutely poor and being relatively poor. The World Bank Group is the institution that mostly deals with the global issues of poverty advocating neoliberalism, western democracy, and open markets and structural adjustments to the economy. This article seems to be a research about Absolute and Relative Poverty. It is a research mainly because of the extensive lists of references and reading suggestions that she noted at the end of the article. Hence, the kind of research that the author used was by using available data and existing sources, primarily the World Bank. For those people who are attempting to change the dynamics of poverty, they thought they understood it, thinking it was fairly simple, but in hindsight complicated. To understand the dynamics of poverty, there are three interrelated terms to consider; (1) absolute poverty, (2) relative poverty, and (3) poverty threshold. Absolute poverty, as defined by the World Bank Group, is living under one dollar a day. People that are living in absolute poverty cannot even meet the basic necessities to live. Sad but true. And many are found in LDCs (Least Developed Countries). Relative poverty, â€Å"measures how people on the lowest rungs of the income ladder compare to the remainder of the population. Poverty threshold measures the income that a society needs to even live the minimal standard of living. The Great Depression followed by World War II, incapacitated the economy so much so that poverty was in the rise. World Bank was established in 1945 in Bretton Woods, NH whose goal was to eradicate poverty. In the twenty first century, the World Bank and the United Nations created the Millenium Development Goals (MDG), who likewise was created to eliminat e poverty by the year 2015. Jeffrey Sach heads the MDG but his critics are biased on his belief that the only way to eliminate poverty is through economic growth. Additionally his critics believe that too much attention into resolving absolute poverty loses its effectiveness if relative poverty is dismissed when it is just as important in solving poverty. Another dimension of absolute and relative poverty is globalization. Some researchers believe that globalization has contributed to poverty while some think of the opposite. Ironically, neither side can rove otherwise. The World Bank claims that in 1990 there was a modest decline in poverty, which means that globalization is truly not an indicator of alleviating poverty. Further there is no standardized method of measurements to validate the effectiveness of globalization on fixing absolute and relative poverty. In our textbook, Chapter 11 talks about poverty in America. In my opinion poverty in America is different. There is a huge disparity in what it means to be poor in the United States and being poor in LDCs. Poverty in America is more like subsidized because there are so many outlets and organizations that help the poor people. Non-profit organizations like homeless shelters operated by volunteers provide food and shelter and welfare programs that provide financial help. I think that poverty whether absolute or relative is a tough road to conquer. Too many people in the world are extremely poor. Whether it is society, our religion, our culture, or our geography that influences poverty, it is in the interest of ALL humankind to work hard toward an effective solution to eradicate poverty.

Element of Drama Essay

Accordingly, elements of drama consist of literary, technical and performance elements. In Hamlet, it can be said that the elements of drama for each category are quite obvious. The first element to consider is the characters. It can be said that most dramas composes of the major and minor characters and in line with Hamlet, The major characters include Hamlet and Claudius and the minor include Marcellus which serves a specific purpose of informing the lead character of the appearance of the his father’s ghost. There is also protagonist antagonist and in the case of Hamlet, the protagonist is Hamlet and the antagonist. Another type of character is the stereotype and the role of Hamlet also shows how such s stereotype has been modified. The theme of Hamlet is commonly stated as the failure’s of the youth of poetic temperament to adjust with different situations which demand action. The plot lies on the struggles of Hamlet and how she cope or not cope with the situation that challenges her. It can be said that Hamlet has been able to achieve artistic maturity through the opposing struggles of the people in the drama the moral integrity that it implies with the audiences. In terms of technical side, it can be said that drama plays have been able to produce a sense of hatred and revenge to the audience with how they perform the drama. For instance, the settings show a heavy feeling in the part of Hamlet because of the death of his father. The musical scores alike provide revengeful music as they try to make the people feel the tension among characters. The actors and actresses of the play has been very effective in making the audience feels the wrath of Hamlet because of what happened to his father (Bradley, 51). It can be said that Hamlet was written with poetic diction that uses eloquent words as well as phrases and the performance have shown in their actions how this drama has been able to create and keep tensions and suspense throughout the play. All in all, it can be said that this drama has been able to use different elements integrated to establish a tragedy. Reference Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth. New York: Penguin, 1991.

Exam Questions - Employee Relations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam Questions - Employee Relations - Coursework Example Collective bargaining refers to the participation of trade unions, free market sympathizers and employee representatives in determining and setting up of employee’s pay. Such practices are meant to ensure that when setting up the pays, the rights of the employees are taken care of. Since 1879, the trend in the collective bargaining has been moving from the decentralized collective bargain. Unitarism is a theory of autonomy that is characterized by minimal external influence in the decision making process. In this approach, there is very little involvement of the employees in the decision making. Unitarism is autocratic in nature. Pluralism on the other hand refers to a theory where there is very high level of trade union membership and involvement of employees in decision making. In this approach, the trade unions are clearly recognized to have a very legitimate role employee matters and how the employees and employer relate. Employee Relation in the United Kingdom as well as in the entire Europe has changed over the years. This has been in terms of the health and safety issues, collectivism and participation. United Kingdom has also witnessed the emergence of the freedom of association together with equal treatment frameworks that are all meant to ensure that employee rights are maintained. The state plays a central role in ER in almost all the countries including the United Kingdom. This is in terms of the polices as well as the legislations that are put in place by the state to ensure that the ER practices in a country does not exploit or deny the parties involved their rights. The state passes legislations and policies that are related to employee exploitation, exclusion and integration. Over the years, the trade unions in the United Kingdom and in Europe as a whole have reinvented and remodeled themselves to be able to respond to the ER needs that continue to

Evaluation of corrosion rate AK80 and ZK60 Mg alloys Essay

Evaluation of corrosion rate AK80 and ZK60 Mg alloys - Essay Example (R.K. Sinnott, 2005) (2) Galvanic Corrosion- When two dissimilar metals are in contact in an atmosphere conducive to corrosion, then by its position in the electrochemical series one forms the anode and the other forms the cathode. The anode thus formed readily corrodes. This principle is used to protect the outside hull of ships by using sacrificial zinc anodes. By its position in the electrochemical series zinc forms the anode and undergoes material erosion thereby protecting the steel hull. (Oliver M. Siebert, B.et al; 1997) (3) Pitting- This is a highly localized form of corrosion. Usually materials are given a good surface finish to prevent its occurrence. The rate of corrosion in such cases is difficult to predict because once the corroding point breaks through the surface finish the material degradation progresses in a rapid manner. This proceeds by forming a pit and in an oxygenated atmosphere its activity is increased. Slag inclusion and entrapment of air during welding and formation of bubbles in pipes and valves during liquid flow all lead to pitting corrosion. (4) Inter-granular Corrosion-This is a form of corrosion which happens in alloying materials. Since alloys are a mix of different metals, the impurities tend to accumulate at the grain boundaries during heat treatment. This leads to propagation of corrosion although the amount of material corroded is small. (Oliver M. Siebert, B.et al; 1997) (5) Stress induced corrosion- This form of corrosion proceeds when materials are subjected to highly stressed environments. After a welding process, there will always be residual stresses that need to be relieved by post weld heat treatment. Failure to do so will lead to these stresses creating cracks and fissures in the welds. Materials that are subjected to repeated cyclic loads may fail due to fatigue stresses that are generated with time. Under such conditions the

Sandwich Generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sandwich Generation - Essay Example First of all, Sandwich Generation is the modern generation that provides utmost importance to geriatric care/child care. But this creates much stress among those who are responsible for care giving to their parents and children. Besides, womenfolk face more problem than men because they are forced to play multiple roles in their families. To be specific, this role-play in real life creates emotional detachment from day to day life problems. For instance, children must be dealt with due care and attention. But when one’s duty/responsibility is divided between one’s own child and parent, there is high possibility for emotional fatigue. Stebbins (2001) makes clear that, â€Å"Eldercare issues are the most acute for women in the so-called sandwich generation, those with both eldercare and childcare responsibilities occurring at the same time† (p.48). If the individual is an employee, work place relationships may become problematic. Those who are running between work and personal responsibilities may face the problem of overloading responsibilities. Rogers (2010) states that, â€Å"Many of these caregivers find themselves pulling double duty as they struggle to care for an aging parent while raising their children and tending to other familial and work responsibilities† (p.338). One can easily identify that Sandwich Generation does not ignore their duties, but are totally immersed within the same. When they work at their offices, they face separation anxiety because their loved ones are eagerly waiting for them at their homes. This basic problem leads the Sandwich Generation to a dilemmatic situation of guilty consciousness. Another problem face by the Sandwich Generation is financial problem resulting from care giving. Still, they do not consider this as a serious problem because they are aware of their duty towards their children and parents. Babiarz (2007) opines that, â€Å"Healthcare decision-making ability is the first issue raised when someone

Remeron Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Remeron - Essay Example In a 2005 study, Versiani et al. conducted an active RCT to determine the effectiveness of Remeron in the treatment of patients with severe depression in comparison with fluxotine (Prozac), a commonly prescribed treatment. In reviewing the literature the authors stated that earlier studies had determined that Remeron "increases noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission via central 2-adrenoceptor blockade while blocking central serotonin 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors" (Versiani et al., 2005, p. 138). These studies have shown that this action reduces risk of adverse reaction to Remeron while resulting in a reduction of stress and positive effects on the patients' sleep patterns. The current study, following rigorous design to ensure the validity of the findings, showed that Mirtazapine (Remeron) was as effective as Prozac at treating severe depression with no statistical differences in adverse reactions. The beneficial effects of Remeron in reducing stress were shown to take affect much more quickly with than the subjects treated with Prozac.

Summury for an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summury for an article - Essay Example On the other hand, stocks that performed well in the past will perform poorly in the next 3-5 years. The authors engaged in seeking the actual cause of the long-term reversals in the performance of stock prices that has been evidentially documented. The authors find that one of the basic and readily available information (the 52-week high price), explains the momentum changes in the profit earnings of stocks. Further, the contribution of the authors goes further to find that nearness to the 52-week high price or farness from the 52-week high price are the major phenomena that cause the stock prices to change minimally. 2. The nearness to the 52-week high price is a better predictor of the future returns for the individual stocks, as well as a better predictor of whether the stocks have experienced extremity in past returns, more than the use of the past stock prices. Despite the authors having o measure three different hypotheses, the intention is not to seek which one turns out true and which one does not. The authors focus on the relationship between the 52-week high price and each of the hypotheses phenomena. In order to measure the effect of the 52-week high price on the changes in the stock market for individual stocks, data relating tom the CRSP stocks is collected and used. The authors collected data related to the CRSP stocks for the 38 year period running between 1963 and 2001. The monthly returns are calculated based on two different approaches; the Jegadeesh and Titman (JT) Approach and the Moskowitz and Grinblatt (MG) Approach, and then compared to the nearness to the 52-week high price. The JG Approach and MT Approach measure the past performance of stocks, as the value-weighted industry return for a 6 months period. The MG approach uses the past performance of stocks within an industry to rank them, such that three stock portfolios are formed. The top30%

Harvest Moon by Aba Bayefsky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harvest Moon by Aba Bayefsky - Essay Example The essay "Harvest Moon by Aba Bayefsky" discovers the painting of Aba Bayefsky. Through out his career there is a recurring theme of destruction, skeletons and dark symbols. His choice of rich, bold colors cause the subject matter to jump out of the canvas, but at the same time, the subject is locked into it’s environment and the piece moves as a solid and single unit. This essay will explore the painting, Harvest Moon, by first discussing the initial reactions to the piece upon preliminary examination at the gallery. Later, the essay will investigate the formal elements of art, such as line, shape and how they interplay to create a haunting feeling for the viewer by drawing upon the familiarity of the subject matter and turning it into an expressionist piece of work that evokes emotion and a response.When first encountering this piece of work it’s simple and rather typical physical size doesn’t instantaneously capture the audience’s attention, especially in comparison to the surrounding works that are much bigger in scale. What’s captivating about this piece is how the viewer is drawn toward it for curiosity’s sake of wondering what’s inside the house, what’s behind the jack-o-lanterns and what the artist is possibly hiding. The soft lighting in the gallery creates a warm feeling that counteracts the â€Å"scary† images so that a sense of safety is felt amongst the gruesome images in the exhibit. In examining the painting the slick quality of the oil paints are apparent and one would imagine. it would be slippery and smooth to the touch with prickly peaks that terminate each stroke. The carved expressions of the jack-o-lantern's faces appear hollowed out just as if they were real pumpkins but these are a hollowing of paint instead of the true pulp. In general, the nine jack-o-lanterns wear uniform expressions that aren't jolly nor sinister, but more vacant and void if anything. Looking straight on at the painting gives a rather flat view, but by approaching the work from the left or the right it seems as though the jack-o-lanterns' eyes are following movement and beckoning the viewer to stop and reconsider it's mysticism. Line in this painting is very straightforward. The lines of the two houses ran horizontally across the top of the canvas, but once one reaches the lower half of the canvas these lines are interrupted by waves, or peaks that divide the houses from the jack-o-lanterns. These waves suggest a division between the two objects, the houses, and the jack-o-lanterns. For an oil painting, the outline of the objects is quite crisp and thin, almost as if the painter were using a printed coloring book that already had the outline, and the painter was left to fill in the empty spaces with paint. The diagonal lines that make up the house's awning direct the viewer's eye to the jack-o-lanterns in the foreground, forcing the eye to forget the homes and instead meditate on the orange of the pumpkins. The straight lines of the house are juxtaposed against the wavy lines of the clouds in the sky creating a balance or harmony between the two so that the painting is not too rigid, nor too flimsy. Shape is rather flat in this piece. In this two-dimensional piece of work shape is primarily offered to the pumpkins, as they appear plump and hearty. The painting is made up of simple geometric shapes that contain the painting to single solid

Describe a picture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe a picture - Essay Example Another technique employed in creating space is the application of size variance. This is ideally seen in the attributes seen in the sky. The size of the figures decrease as they recede further into the background. This gives the prominent airplane scene a dominant position in the picture as it is relatively bigger in comparison to the figures surrounding it. The use of size in creating space allows the picture develop a sense of atmospheric perspective particularly in an image that lacks much variables in colouring shades. The spaces in the figure overlap systematically creating a sense of unity in the picture. The foreground buildings are seen to overlap with the middle ground grass. They hide the grass surface immediately behind them. This creates the illusion that the buildings are prominently featured in the foreground. The middle ground overlaps with the background. Human figures placed in the middle ground are seen to overlap with the background horizon. Despite a minimal use of size variance and overlapping objects, there is still an element of depth, space and perspective created in the diagram. The picture shows aspects of realism in a highly fantastical composition. The varying application of perspective and proportions applied in the image challenges realism. However, the imagery created is borrowed from real objects created an intertwined relationship between realism and imagery. Aspects of realism in the plane involve the use of realistic figures in the composition. These aspects are recognizable at face value. In analysing the picture, an individual immediately notices human figures, buildings, a landscape and even a plane. These objects are highly realistic. However, the artist’s creation of the objects is highly fantastical. The human figures are executed in a 2 dimensional style. The lack of tonal variation on the figures give then a whimsical look common in cartoon figures. Moreover, the lack of ideal

Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Proposal - Assignment Example The market has become so dynamic and requires every player to change tact and not stick with some of the old ways. We seriously need to rethink our policy on publicity matters. We will need to have a public relations department headed by a professional and given adequate staffing to help with selling the company brand. There is need for an all-out campaign aimed at improving the image of the company and giving it a more modern touch. We should realize that we have not done better than hold onto the clientele base we had more than 10 years ago when some of our competitors had either not emerged or were still very young in the industry. Younger generations do not identify with our brand. Our publicity approach should contain a mix of the social media and radio/TV adverts which both the old and young generations can identify with. We don’t want to continue losing clients instead of retaining and adding more, because that is known to be the surest route to collapse. There is need to set aside physical and monetary machinery to implement the publicity agenda. It is going to cost us quite some money as we start on it, but continued publicity measures will be less costly. Any amount of resources that will be spent in the pursuit of lost glory, it will be worth it. We are never going to regret having spent enormous sums of money towards improving the company’s brand it is the only way to expand our customer base beyond what we have currently. Let us strive not to succumb to competition, but learn to live with it and be able to handle its dynamics. We will need to work as a team to be able to achieve this. We have to walk together to deliver the best brand possible. It will require sacrifice on the part of each and every one of us, but this will take immense support of the company’s top management. All we will ask of the management is an enabling environment for

The imaginative landscape Essay Example for Free

The imaginative landscape Essay It is human nature to long to belong, to fit neatly and comfortably into a familiar niche. It allows for a foundation, on which to build upon. It often nurtures us, but sometimes, as our ever static identities develop, we surpass it. We out grow it. It is when we are sheltered and content, that the prospect of leaving or letting go is most difficult, as we must uproot ourselves. In order to keep our roots, which are so deeply buried in our foundation, we simulate our previous, traditional landscapes, in order to keep them alive. Through language, tradition and others, we can partially re-create traditional landscapes. As immigrants of the same nationally huddle together in a suburb-an island of familiarity in a sea of strangeness- in the hope that it might be something like is was before. Some wish to keep their cultures and traditions sacred and unaltered by treasuringthe recent past, simultaneously blinding themselves from being open to new traditions; as in the case of Old James. This leaves him to feel isolated, having no place to re establish his roots, stifling further growth. Old James is malcontented that Young James, disparate from his family, will not settle his roots in Ettrick Valley; go[ing] on and not remember[ing] a thing of Scotland. Young James, and those who follow him will have not emotional affiliation with Scotland, simply, knowing that it is the place of his ancestors orirgons. Like many others, tradition and culture of those gone before is lost, only to forge new ones, and a new foundation and a different sense of belonging.

The advantages and disadvantages of traditional Absorption costing techniques

The advantages and disadvantages of traditional Absorption costing techniques Introduction Through the years when it comes to planning Managers has developed techniques and methods of forecasting future costs. One of such methods is Absorption costing and activity based costing (ABC) What is Absorption costing? Absorption costing is the traditional method of costing and stock evaluation, having been developed around the 1870s to 1920s is widely used by the manufacturing companies. The idea behind absorption costing to spread all overheads of the manufacturing cost centers as well as the direct cost between the finished products, and treat all non-manufacturing overhead as period costs. CIMA defined Absorption Costing as a method of costing that, in addition to direct costs, assigns all, or a proportion of, production overheads costs to cost units by means of one or more number of absorption rates. What is activity based costing? Is the modern method of cost management having been developed in 1980s. it is the preferred method for the services industry. The CIMA definition for activity based costing is an approach to the costing and monitoring of activities which involves tracing resource consumption and costing final outputs. Resources are assigned to activities, and activities to cost objects based on consumption estimates. The latter utilise cost drivers to attach activity costs to outputs. CIMA Official Terminology, 2005 (http://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_activity_based_costing_nov08.pdf.pdf) Analysis Why does the company need either absorption costing or ABC? Its very important for managers to have an idea of the actual  cost  of processes, departments, operations or product which is the foundation of their budget. and in order to achieve that they need to have a cost accounting system; such as absorption coting or activity based costing. Here are the advantages of having such systems and their disadvantages The advantages of Absorption Costing: It recognizes the importance of fixed costs in production; is method is accepted by Inland Revenue as  stock  is not undervalued; is method is always used to prepare  financial  accounts; When production remains constant but sales fluctuate absorption costing will show less fluctuation in net profit and The disadvantages of Absorption Costing: As absorption costing emphasized on total cost namely both variable and fixed, it is not so useful for management to use to make decision, planning and control; as the managers emphasis is on total cost, the cost volume profit relationship is ignored. The manager needs to use his intuition to make the decision. The advantages of Activity Based Costing: More accurate  costing of products/services, customers, SKUs, distribution channels. Better understanding  overhead. Easier to  understand  for everyone. Utilizes  unit cost  rather than just total cost. Integrates well with  Six Sigma  and other  continuous improvement programs. Makes visible  waste  and  non-value added activities. Supports  performance management and scorecards Enables costing of  processes, supply chains, and value streams Activity Based Costing  mirrors  way  work  is done Facilitates  benchmarking The disadvantages of activity based costing: It costs a lot to maintain it, it takes a lot of time and resources to collect, check and enter it into the system for the date needed to measure activity based costing. Is not accepted by GAAP (accepted accounting principles) therefor companies need to have a different system when preparing external reports. What are the differences between Absorption costing and ABC? There are many differences between absorption costing and activity based costing. Difference in Approach One of such differences is the way it approached. Absorption costing allocates costs to product units, whereas activity based costing traces the costs of product units. Absorption costing is the traditional cost accounting method that focuses on the product or service when fixing costs. It works under the simple approach of assigning resources to products or services directly. Activity based costing is a modern cost accounting approach that focuses on activities as the fundamental cost. ABC presumes that products or services consume activities, and activities consume resources. It thus, works to convert indirect costs into direct costs. Difference in Methodology Absorption costing divides equally the fixed overhead costs with the number of product units whereas activity based costing identifies the actual proportion of fixed overheads costs incurred by the product unit. Comparing absorption costing and activity based costing, the latter follows a more scientific approach. Price fixation in absorption costing depends on the inventory. The higher the inventory, the lower the product cost and lower the inventory; or the higher per-product cost. Price fixation in activity based costing bases calculations to derive the actual overheads incurred on a unit, and does not vary with change in inventory levels. Activity based costing, however, faces serious challenges in practical application, for appropriating some of the fixed overheads such as the chief executives salary on a per-product usage basis, is next to impossible. Moreover, process of data collection, data entry, and  data analysis required  to divide the fixed overhead costs among units based on usage, requires substantial resources and remains costly to maintain. Absorption costing that divides all fixed overhead costs with the number of units produced is a simple and easy approach and free from such complexities. Legal Validity Absorption costing complies with the  generally accepted accounting principles  (GAAP) whereas the  Financial  Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) do not accept ABC for externally published financial statements. Firms that follow activity based costing, therefore, need to maintain two cost systems and accounting books, one for internal use, and another for external reports, filings, and statutory compliance. Difference in Scope Absorption costing helps ascertain the overall profitability or efficiency of the manufacturing system but fails to provide the real cost of individual product units. Activity based costing mirrors the functioning of the  enterprise  and contributes to strategic decision-making processes. ABC provides the real cost of individual product units and, thereby, helps identify inefficient or non-profitable products that eat into the profitability of other highly profitable products. ABC also helps price products equitably, allowing breaking down of product or service into sub-components or offering top ups based on customer needs. Comparing absorption costing and activity based costing, activity based costing improves the quality of management accounting information, especially in large and multi-product operations where conventional overhead allocation methods such as absorption costing may produce misleading results. Absorption costing, however, remains more suitable for small firms and  enterprises  with homogeneous products or services. Recommendation and implementation I recommend to introduce activity based costing system as its more suitable for the public service industry.

New Labours Immigration Policy

New Labours Immigration Policy A report on new labour immigration policy UK The aim of the following report is to provide a summary and analysis of UK immigration policy under New Labour governments. The debates surrounding immigration policy have continued to cause political controversy since New Labour came into power in 1997. New Labour had hoped to speed up the immigration process to be fairer to potential immigrants and asylum seekers, whilst improving administrative efficiency, though it has faced difficulties in achieving its aims. The report will assess the effectiveness or otherwise of immigration policy and all areas of strengths and weaknesses will be examined. New Labour has found immigration policy a difficult area to handle; the reasons for such difficulty will be discussed in the report below. It must be mentioned that some direct influences upon immigration policy are outside of the UK government’s direct control. For instance, the expansion of the European Union (EU) with its corresponding increase in the number of people that are fre e to enter the country. Whilst increases in wars, civil wars, and repression by authoritarian regimes across the globe can often lead to more people wishing to claim asylum or refugee status. New Labour and immigration policy Immigration policy has always been an issue that has been capable of producing controversy and debate within British politics and society, with the media sometimes being particularly influential. Policy is sometimes shaped or altered by that debate, and in the past has convinced governments that immigration policy has had to be completely changed. Since the early 1960s successive British governments had sought to limit immigration into the UK.[1] New Labour was keen to make immigration policy fairer without encouraging higher levels of immigration. UK immigration policy was already faced with difficulties when New Labour came into office. Making decisions as to whether people were legal immigrants, illegal immigrants, refugees, or asylum seekers was a complicated process. The number of asylum seekers increased slowly but surely during the 1990s as a result of conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Afghanistan, as well as other countries. The Conservatives tried to halt that increase by denying right of appeal and withdrawing social security payments to failed asylum seekers.[2] New Labour reversed some of the Conservatives policies aimed at reducing immigration. For example, returning failed asylum seekers to their home countries if those countries were considered safe was no longer done automatically, and some of the restrictions with regard to social security payments were reduced. New Labour also reintroduced the right to appeal for those that were refused entry or leave to remain in the UK. These initial reductions in immigration control have to a great extent being reversed.[3] New Labour’s initial liberalisation of immigration policy was not destined to last long. Whilst New Labour was reducing the UK’s immigration controls other EU states, Germany and France in particular were increasing theirs. Tighter German and French immigration controls meant that that more asylum seekers came to the UK, which placed a strain on the immigration system and tested the resolve of New Labour to maintain its more liberal immigration policy. The immigration system was unable to cope with the volume of asylum seekers; the appeal process was slow and caused a large backlog of cases waiting to be decided. The problems with immigration policy were widely reported by the media and were used by both the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats to criticise New Labour. New Labour responded by making its immigration policy less liberal, attempting to improve the administration of the immigration system and by reducing the number of asylum seekers allowed into the coun try. New Labour was able to persuade the French government to close down the Sangette Refugee Centre, which was close to the Eurotunnel terminal and allowed asylum seekers to get in to the UK. New Labour resorted to some of the measures previously used by the Conservatives to restrict immigrants, such as sending failed asylum seekers back to the countries deemed to be safe, speeding up appeal times and making people appeal from abroad.[4] New Labour argued that restricting immigration policy would help reduce support for extreme parties such as the British National Party that have received strong electoral support in areas like Burnley and Oldham.[5] The expansion of the EU has affected the immigration policy of New Labour. New member states citizens have rights to work and live in the UK. Citizens from Poland, the Czech Republic, and the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, have immigrated to the UK to find work. Official statistics show that the Poles were the largest national groups of approved immigrants in 2004, with 26,600 being allowed into the UK.[6] New Labour underestimated the number of people from Eastern Europe that would enter the UK after their countries joined the EU, which prompted ministers to consider work permits for those people from Bulgaria and Romania who wished to come to the UK from January 2007.[7] An important part of New Labour immigration policy is attracting skilled and semi-skilled immigrants and their families into the UK. Firstly these workers are wanted to fill skilled jobs, which means that they should be net contributors of tax and national insurance contributions. The controlled immigration of skilled workers adds to the UK’s resources rather than taking away from them. Secondly, young skilled and semi-skilled workers are encouraged to come to the UK to reduce the economic consequences of an ageing population; it is hoped that they will help to pay for the pensions, and public services of everybody that lives in the UK. New Labour has adopted its immigration policy to score potential immigrants against a series of criteria that assess their skills for potential employers. Those workers that score the highest points are the people that find it easiest to gain entry into the UK.[8] The terms of accession for the Eastern European states means that immigrants do n ot have to be skilled or semi-skilled workers to enter the UK. However, unskilled workers may find it more difficult to find long-term work and are perhaps more likely to need social security benefits.[9] East European immigrant workers have, like previous immigrants, not found themselves welcomed by everyone, as some people believe that they are taking away jobs from British workers. Immigrant workers are often prepared to accept lower wages, yet in many cases they are taking jobs that few British workers want.[10] Critics of New Labour’s immigration policy have argued that the UK received more immigrants due to fewer restrictions being in place, such as work permits and less entitlement to social security benefits. Some also believe that New Labour immigration policy is so ineffective that it hardly constitutes a policy at all. An example of New Labour’s inability to administer its immigration policy was the resignation of the junior minister Beverley Hughes over the fast tracking of visas.[11] In 2005, Home Secretary John Reid went as far as describing the Immigration and Nationalities Directorate as ‘not been fit for purpose’ due to its failure to deport foreign prisoners after the completion of their sentences.[12] There has certainly been frequent media coverage about current levels of immigration being unsustainable for the UK’s health, education, and social security infrastructures. Some of these articles are well researched and plausible, whilst others amount to scare mongering. Former New Labour minister Frank Field argues that the present rate of immigration into the UK is unsustainable, especially if the present net population gains continue at 2004 rates, or indeed if they increase which is possible due to Romania and Bulgaria joining the EU. Official figures show that 329,000 immigrants entered the UK from the new EU member states between 2004 and 2006. Field claims that such migration ‘is producing the equivalent of a new city of Birmingham every five years.’[13] These people that believe New Labour immigration policy has become too restrictive argue that right wing media, pressure groups such as Migrationwatch UK, and the Conservatives have set the agenda over immigration. As with previous restrictions of immigration policy the fear that the Far Right might make electoral gains has been another reason or excuse to restrict immigration.[14] With the exception of a few isolated backbenchers the Labour party has accepted its leadership adoption of more restrictive immigration policy. For instance, New Labour MPs voted for the Immigration Act 2002 which introduced detention centres for asylum seekers and the provision of citizenship lessons for those immigrants that were allowed to live in the UK. New Labour claimed that the new legislation restricted immigration, whilst protecting the human rights of asylum seekers. The bill was only passed because the government made concessions about the location of detention centres to the House of Lords.[15 ] The Liberal Democrats have been the most vocal opponents of New Labour shifts in immigration policy. The Liberal Democrats believe that New Labour has failed to liberalise immigration policy and that claims that they wish to protect the human rights of asylum seekers or immigrants are just a sham. Former Home Secretary David Blunkett was certainly enthusiastic about restricting New Labour immigration policy and reducing the number of asylum seekers, a stance his successors will probably continue. The Liberal Democrats have even tried to complain to the Commission for Racial Equality about what they claim is New Labour’s racist immigration policy.[16] Official statistics have shown declining numbers of asylum seekers and higher numbers of people being returned to their countries of origin. Whereas previously New Labour made public declarations of making immigration policy fairer and less restrictive, it now shows figures depicting falling immigrant numbers that prove tighter and controls are working better.[17] Home Office figures frequently show that 70% of asylum applications fail. It was just taking longer to turn down people when 18,000 applications, a quarter were being received, like the number of applications that were made in the first quarter of 2002.[18] The immigration that New Labour has tried to restrict differed from previous periods of immigration in that as would be immigrants were not form the New Commonwealth countries but from Eastern Europe or from places such as Somalia and Afghanistan troubled by violence or the disintegration of their state.[19] New Labour claims that its immigration policy has started to deliver ‘a fair, fast, and firm system’. The backlog in asylum and immigration applications meant that the government adopted pragmatic, as well as restrictive measures to speed up the immigration process and increase administrative efficiency. The first obvious measure was to prevent potential asylum seekers reaching the UK in the first place, by securing ports and airports, as well as preventing boarding the Eurostar trains in France. Improving administrative efficiency was helped by employing some extra 2,000 people within the Home Office to deal with immigration work. Extra staff contributed to more than 84% of first decisions being made within two months of applications being received. The issuing of identity cards and the finger printing of all asylum seekers has allowed for more people being deported and fewer being able to remain illegally within the UK. Overall New Labour contends that the total of asy lum applications has dropped by 70% since October 2002.[20] New Labour believes that simplifying the appeals structure and making failed asylum seekers appeal from abroad has contributed to the fall in asylum applications. The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal that replaced the previously more complicated appeals system from 2005 is considered an important part of its drive towards increased administrative efficiency.[21] When it came to power New Labour had intended to liberalise immigration policy into the UK. If that liberalisation of immigration policy had been sustained it would have marked a break from the progressively restrictive policies of Conservative and Labour governments since the 1960s. The administration of the immigration service had started to be strained in the last years of the Conservative government as worsening conditions in countries such as the former Yugoslavia, Somalia, and Afghanistan had led to more people seeking asylum. The liberalisation of immigration policy by New Labour inadvertently led to making the strain on the immigration service worse. Restoring the right of appeal to failed asylum seekers, the relaxation of restrictions to social security benefits when combined with a large increase in asylum applications made for a chaotic backlog in which the government seemed to lose control of immigration policy. New Labour had to take pragmatic measures to end the backlog by making it harder for people to enter the UK illegally, and by employing more staff to deal with the backlog. New Labour had political reasons for reversing its liberalisation of immigration policy that carried more weight than practical reasons for restoring administrative control of the situation. New Labour despite its huge majorities in the 1997 and 2001 general elections did not wish to lose electoral support to the Conservatives or other right wing parties like the BNP due to its immigration policy being considered too soft. New Labour did not set the agenda over immigration policy; the Conservatives, pressure groups, and the media set it. More restrictive immigration policy and the effect of improved administrative practices helped to lower the number of asylum seekers from its peak in October 2002. However, for right wing critics of New Labour its immigration policy could never be restrictive enough, whilst for the Liberal Democrats and other left wing critics New Labour has betrayed its promises of respecting the human rights of immigrants and asylum seekers for its own electoral ga in. Perhaps the most contentious area of New Labour immigration policy relates to the immigration of people from the new member states of the EU. These people have greater rights to enter the UK than people from outside of the EU. The long term economic benefits or costs of this migration are not yet clear, although the arrival of immigrants has not proved to be popular and has caused resentment about lower wages and the taking of jobs from British workers. The main recommendation from this report is that New Labour makes the administration of its immigration policy as efficient as possible. Poor organisation and lack of resources made the backlog of immigration cases worse. New Labour needs to commit enough well trained staff to ensure its immigration policy has direction and works. New Labour should also collect accurate information regarding levels of immigration, and adjust its policy accordingly, as a government it should focus on effective policy rather than spin. Bibliography Bright M, Wazir B, Flatt E, The Observer December 1 2002 Onward march of lobby against immigration Coxall B, Robins L Leach R (2003) Contemporary British Politics 4th edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke Field F, Daily Mail 30th June 2006, Why are politicians ignoring the immigration timebomb? Fisher J, Denver D, Benyon J, (2003) Central Debates in British Politics, Longman, London Hume M, 2 April 2004 New Labours problem is disintegration, not immigration www.spiked-online.com Kingdom J (2003) Government and Politics in Britain, An Introduction 3rd edition, Polity Press, Cambridge Moran M, (2005) Politic and Governance in the UK, Palgrave, Basingstoke Schott B, (2006) Schott’s Almanac 2007, Bloomsbury, London The Guardian, November 7 2002 Asylum bill becomes law Whitaker’s, (2007) Whitaker’s Almanack 2007 – today’s world in one volume, A C Black, London Young H, (2003) supping with the Devils – Political writing from Thatcher to Blair, Guardian Books, London www.labour.org.uk – Asylum and Immigration 1 Footnotes [1] Fisher et al, (2003) p. 5 [2] Young, (20030 p. 230 [3] Kingdom, (2003), p.198 [4] Young, (2003), p.246 [5] Kingdom, (2003), p.198 [6] Whitaker’s Almanack, (2007), p.18 [7] www.labour.org.uk [8] Moran, (2005) p. 49 [9] Whitaker’s Almanack, (2007) p. 18 [10] Young (2003) p. 246 [11] Spiked-online.com, 2 April 2004 [12] Schott, (2007) pp. 45-7 [13] Frank Field, Daily Mail 30th June 2006 [14] Bright et al, The Observer December 1 2002 [15] The Guardian, November 7 2002 [16] Kingdom, (2003), p.198 [17] Coxall et al, (2003), p.394 [18] Kingdom, (2003), p.195 [19] Coxall et al, (2003), p.20 [20] www.labour.org.uk [21] Whitaker’s Almanack (2007) p. 344

The Eccentric Work of Djuna Barnes :: Biography Arts

The Eccentric Work of Djuna Barnes It is precisely Barnes's relation to literary tradition that so troubles assessments of her work: readers do not know where to "place" her. . . . Although well respected by her contemporaries, Barnes's work has fallen prey to the same set of received notions that until very recently informed studies of Gertrude Stein: both women have been chastised for being significantly different from their Paris colleagues and for failing to master the Modernist enterprise. (Benstock 242-3) It only seems appropriate that I begin with this quotation from Shari Benstock's Women of the Left Bank because it immediately situates the critical problem that my own project hopes to illuminate: how to begin to approach Barnes's eccentric work within a historical context and how to make sense of the implications of such eccentricities given that context. Her work, even within the diverse body of eccentric modernist texts, stands apart in its uniqueness. Like many modernist texts (i.e. Toomer's Cane, Joyce's Finnegan's Wake, and much of Stein's work), Barnes's work is difficult to categorize. Unlike other modernist texts, however, Barnes's work challenges genre through its mixing of both linguistic and visual representation. For example, in texts such as Ladies Almanack and The Book of Repulsive Women, Barnes uses both text and drawings to depict female sexuality. It is this shifting between modes of representation that will be the emphasis of my project. Through an examination of both her textual and visual art forms, I will argue that Barnes was experimenting in different ways than her contemporaries, ways that radically challenged understandings of gender, identity, and sexuality by suggesting that these categories are unstable, ever-shifting entities. One of the most important elements in this experimentation was her performance: through her shifts between forms and genres, Barnes mimics and performs the very instabilities that she represents in those art forms. Much like the fin-de-sià ¨cle Decadents with whom she is often linked, Barnes makes central the trope of transition in her shifts between genres. Indeed, Djuna Barnes's work is grounded in decadence, and a brief examination of this tradition will help situate her work. French and English fin-de-sià ¨cle writers and artists such as Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Symons, Max Beerbohm, and Aubrey Beardsley all used a decadent style in their works. Though many critics point to the difficulty in defining decadence, they do agree that the style has distinguishing characteristics:

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud :: Literary Analysis, William Wordsworth

Nature is often a focal point for many author’s works, whether it is expressed through lyrics, short stories, or poetry. Authors are given a cornucopia of pictures and descriptions of nature’s splendor that they can reproduce through words. It is because of this that more often than not a reader is faced with multiple approaches and descriptions to the way nature is portrayed. Some authors tend to look at nature from a deeper and personal observation as in William Wordsworth’s â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud†, while other authors tend to focus on a more religious beauty within nature as show in Gerard Manley Hopkins â€Å"Pied Beauty†, suggesting to the reader that while to each their own there is always a beauty to be found in nature and nature’s beauty can be uplifting for the human spirit both on a visual and spiritual level. Wordsworth and Hopkins both present the reader with a poem conveying the theme of nature. Nature in its variety be it from something as simple as streaked or multicolored skies, long fields and valleys, to things more complex like animals, are all gifts we take for granted. Some never realize the truth of what they are missing by keeping themselves indoors fixating on the loneliness and vacancy of their lives and not on what beauty currently surrounds them. Others tend to relate themselves more to the fact that these lovely gifts are from God and should be praised because of the way his gifts have uplifted our human spirit. Each writer gives us their own ideals as how to find and appreciate nature’s true gifts. In â€Å"I wandered Lonely as a Cloud,† William Wordsworth accomplishes his ideal of nature by using personification, alliteration, and simile within his poem to convey to the reader how nature’s beauty uplifts his spirits and takes him away from his boring daily routine. Wordsworth relates himself in solidarity to that of a cloud wandering alone, â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† (line 1). Comparing the cloud and himself to that of a lonely human in low spirits of isolation, simultaneously the author compares the daffodils he comes across as he â€Å"floats on high o’er vales and hills† (line 2) to that of a crowd of people dancing (lines 3-6 and again in 12). Watching and admiring the dancing daffodils as he floats on by relating them to various beauties of

Differences Between Counseling and Psychotherapy :: essays research papers

Differences Between Counseling and Psychotherapy Counseling Theories August 3, 1995 Running head: Coun. v. Psychotherapy Counseling v. psychotherapy is there a difference between the two? This paper will attempt to prove that there are several differences between counseling and psychotherapy. While counseling and psychotherapy have several different elements in each, the following information will also attempt to show the reader that there are some areas where the two overlap. At times this was a confusing topic to research. A fine line distinguishes the two topics and one must look hard to see this line. Definition of Counseling One survey taken by Gustad suggests a definition of counseling where he included three key elements. Counseling is a learning-oriented process, carried on in a simple, one to one social environment, in which a counselor, professionally competent in relevant psychological skills and knowledge, seeks to assist the client by methods appropriate to the latter's needs and within the context of the total personn el program, to learn more about himself, to learn how to put such understanding into effect in relation to more clearly perceived, realistically defined goals to the ` end that the client may become a happier and more productive member of his society (1957, p. 36). In lay terms counseling can be described as a face to face relationship, having goals to help a client to learn or acquire new skills which will enable them to cope and adjust to life situations. The focus is to help a person reach maximum fulfillment or potential, and to become fully functioning as a person. Definition of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the process inwhich a therapists assists the client in re-organizing his or her personality. The therapist also helps the client integrate insights into everyday behavior. Psychotherapy can be defined as "more inclusive re-education of the individual" (Brammer& Shostrom,1977). Objectives of counseling The objectives of counseling according to the Committee on Definition, Division of Counseling Psychology, American Psychological Association are to "help individuals toward overcoming obstacles to their personal growth, wherever these may be encountered, and toward achieving optimum development of their personal resources" (Arbuckle, 1967). In a paper written by Dr. T. Millard, it is stated that "Counseling provides clarity and a positive and constructive venue for the individual to sensibly examine the instinctive-emotional and rational (or irrational) motives which determine the drive, content, and even the form of human conduct." This shows the part which counseling plays in a clients treatment.

Ib Math Sl Type 1

Purpose of Investigation The purpose of this investigation is to find out the general trends of the Olympic gold medal height each time the event is held. It also could be used to predict the next gold medal height in the upcoming Olympic events. We could know as well what functions can be used to plot the graphs. People could also analyze the pattern of rise or decrease in height of the winning height in the Olympic game. This investigation also allows future participants to find out information about previous gold medal heights and can make them easier to set targets for their performance in the Olympic Games. a. b.The function I used for constructing this graph is Gaussian. Because from the list of functions in the graph-constructing program, the Gaussian function is the most accurate shape when plotted according to the data given which is the statistics of height of gold medalist for men’s high jump in the Olympic. The technology I used to plot all the graphs is Logger Pro 3. 50. c. The difference is not significant after I adjust it. It can be seen from the graph itself that the shape of it is also similar. The limitation is that it is plotted on a lower values compared to the original and so it couldn’t reach the 1980 mark like the original graph. . With the technology I used, the function I find to have a similar shape is the cubic function which is the red line. There are some period that the cubic function has a higher value. Also there are some points where the two graphs meet. But in the end the cubic is lower than the original and couldn’t reach the 1980 mark. e. According to the original graph, if in the year 1940 and 1944, the estimated height will be 198. 2 and 199. 6 respectively. f. Estimated winning heights in 2984 and 2016 are 235 and 241 respectively. From the data, the winning height generally tends to rise from year to year the Olympic is held.The estimated winning heights are obtained from the graph until the year of 2016. g. My model fits well with the additional data. However, there are some points that the graph doesn’t reach according to the additional data given. h. The overall trend from 1896 up to 2008 is that the gold medal height rises from year to year, although there are some years that the gold medal height fall compared to the previous Olympic event which are in the years 1896 to 1904, 1936 to 1948, 1968 to 1972, 1988 to 1992, and 1996 to 2000. i. No modifications are required are needed to fit my model into the new data.

Crime Data Comparison

In the late 1920’s the idea was recognized by the International Association of Chiefs of Police or most commonly known as the (IACP), that there needed to be a more reliable and accurate way to keep track of all of the crime data and statistics. This information was needed to determine the crimes that were changing from year to year as well as the sources of what could be changing these statistics such as population changes, poverty changes, and so on and so forth. After a few years of deliberation over the record-keeping practices being used at the time, planning for a system called the Uniform Crime Report program (UCR) in which it came in to working effect in 1929. It was in 1930 a year later, in January that the United States Congress enacted a Code that gave the UCR the authority by the attorney general to gather information about crimes. The attorney general then delegated the responsibility to the Federal Bureau of Investigation to act as the bookkeepers for collecting all the crime data for the UCR. In 1930 the FBI became the first agency to start a resource to do just that. Since the beginning of the UCR program every year new data has been collected and published in order to crime statistics for each area across the United States. Information stored would include numbers of different crimes such as murders, arson, burglary, property crimes, rapes, larceny, etc. The UCR program started in January 1930 with data gathered from law enforcement agencies in 400 cities from 43 states submitting information and currently includes approximately 17,000 law enforcement agencies nationwide that voluntarily contribute their crime statistics. Murder or Homicide is an act that happens across the United States. There is not one state safe from it. According to the Uniform Crime Report program in 2011 California was the state with the highest amount of murders with a total of 1,790. The total amount of murders committed at the hands of a firearm is 1,220. Murders committed by knives or cutting instruments 261. One thing that may have an impact on the amount of murders as well as other crimes is the population in California. With an amazing total of 37. 3 million in 2011 with a 10% increase since 2000. With 43% of families in California considered to be low income, the poverty level is very high in California. As described by national statistics that show that most crime is committed in areas of poverty and low-income this could be a reason that the murder or homicide rate is so high in California. Each year with the increase of population the crime rates increase. Across the ocean in Hawaii with the lowest amount of murders/homicides with a low total of seven for the year of 2011. One at the hands of a firearm, two by stabbing or knifes, and three by hands, fists, feet or etc. nd the rest in other ways. With a lower population than California with a total of 1,360,301 with around 953,207 people (70%) living in the city and County of Honolulu for 2011. With a low-income or poverty population percentage of only 13. 7% of the population below the nationwide average income level. It shows that this could have some effect on the murder/homicide statistics being lower than that of California. Also another reason could be that the population of Hawaii is mostly contributed by tourism and most people in Hawaii are only here for travel. In 2011, about 7. million people from around the world visited Hawaii. Another reason that could factor in to the crime rate is 47,410 of the population in Hawaii is military personnel, or 3. 48%. In 2011, an estimated 14,612 persons were murdered in the United States. This was a 0. 7% decrease from the 2010 estimate, a 14. 7% decline from the 2007 figure, and a 10. 0% decrease from the 2002 estimate. There were 4. 7 murders per 100,000 inhabitants, a 1. 5% decrease from the 2010 rate. Compared with the 2007 rate, the murder rate declined 17. 4%, and compared with the 2002 rate, the murder rate decreased 16. %. Nearly 44% (43. 6) of murders were reported in the South, the most populous region, 21. 0% were reported in the West, 20. 6% were reported in the Midwest, and 14. 8% were reported in the Northeast (FBI Uniform Crime Report Statistics). There could be many reasons why the crime rate changes, it could be the area, the upbringing, income, population and also what resources that are available in the area to help youth and people with emotional problems. There are a number of factors that could help persuade a person from committing crime and murder. However one thing is certain as the population increases so does the crime. Although the Uniform Crime Report program definitely shows an improvement from how data and statistics previously were collected, there are still many criticisms about the data's accuracy. The UCR only reports crimes known to police. Due to a high number of crimes that are never reported and the victims that do not report their experiences to law enforcement agencies, the data reported is often inaccurate as for both the number of crimes committed and the number of offenders. Another reason that the UCR is flawed is due to the fact that only crimes considered serious crimes are reported. The data and all of the information that is reported to the UCR is only based on the hierarchy rule: For a crime incident in which multiple offenses were committed only the most serious offense is reported. Furthermore, the UCR reveals more about police behavior than it does about criminality. Some law enforcement agencies falsify the reports they submit to the FBI to lessen the case load for the police station and officers. In which the crimes are never solved. References: FBI Uniform Crime Report Statistics http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/violent-crime/murder http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/Uniform_Crime_Reports http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement http://www.californiality.com/2011/03/california-census-data.html http://www.to-hawaii.com/population.php

What Effect Does Tourism Have on Jamaica

Extended Essay Jason Baugh School Number: 003311 Candidate Number: 003311-005 Supervisor: Mr. L. Holmes Name of School: Hillel Academy Session 2012 Subject Area: Geography Research Question: What effect does tourism have on Jamaica in relation to Social Friction and degradation on Natural Resources, specifically in the towns of Montego Bay and Trelawney? Topic Areas: Tourism, environmental degradation, social integration, cultural diffusion, development, globalization. Table of Contents Abstract3 Introduction5 Jamaica’s Hotel Industry6 Problem with Investors8 Cruise Tourism11 Jamaica’s Investment in Cruise Tourism13Trelawney as a Capitol City15 Integrating tourists and social friction17 Conclusion19 Abstract Jamaica is a much sought after tourist destination and has a booming tourist industry that is second to almost none. With our large musical influence around the world as well as being known as a home for Rastafarians outside of Ethiopia there are more than enough re asons to visit Jamaica. With a rocky economy, tourism is a necessity for Jamaica to develop and grow and earn more money. Development of hotels and facilities for increased visits from other countries, Jamaica relies more than ever on its natural resources that it is known for.Jamaica is accessible by air and water and caters to the contributors of over 50% of our GDP. But with the amount of people visiting, our country is susceptible to a number of problems resulting in an over To truly understand whether or not our islands natural resources are being degraded and if the nationals are being exploited or becoming violent and unlawful or experiencing trouble from the investments and developments in relation to tourism, we need to look at what is being done for the development of that sector and the level of tourism Jamaica receives.There are damages occurring to the environment as a result of the many activities that are now being instituted to raise funds that are generated by forei gn investment and tourism. The pollution and degradation of the land comes from the building of larger buildings and increased water activity. Although these facilities are causing harm, through government legislations and application and abide to conservation laws that have been put in place over the years to facilitate and match the rate at which they are depleting. IntroductionThis essay will look at the all of the tourist aspects of Jamaica. This means that it will need to focus the research on the northern coast of the island because it contains most of the tourism attractions and accommodation development on the island. Tourism is a means of globalization, opening countries to the knowledge outside of their own. Jamaica is a widely famous and known location for tourists to visit, giving it a famous reputation that precedes itself on many occasions. With tourism, there are both good effects and bad effects.With tourism being Jamaica’s main source of income, the resources exploited are under constant use and mean that they stand to suffer the most and experience negative effects from constant interaction. The main focus of the essay will be on the towns of Trelawney and Montego Bay. These two areas are undergoing a large amount of development and an increase in the amount of visitors that are being received. As mentioned above, there are several negative side effects and each of them is present in both of these areas of Jamaica Jamaica’s Hotel IndustryJamaica’s location geographically is the main attributor to its fame. Being of a tropical climate, the island attracts the type of people that are seeking a type of holiday that includes activities based around the natural resources that the island has to offer. Activities as such include tree top tours, river rafting, and coral snorkeling, anything that interacts with the exotic plant and animal life. The hotels that have been developed across the northern coast are built for the purpose of being central locations to activities like the ones listed above.The developments of the hotels are investments of the hotel brands. Whilst Jamaica has the benefit of the popularity of the hotel’s name and the development of the area around the hotels increases the amount of money gained, the hotels benefit from the location for building another branch of their business. The hotel chains use the location to fuel their business. The six main hotel areas for Jamaica are Montego Bay (9,307 rooms), Ocho Rios (8,202 rooms), Negril (7,574 rooms), Kingston (2,347 rooms), the South Coast (1,369 rooms) and Port Antonio (995 rooms). (Figures from the Vision 2030 Jamaica document. At present there are 160 hotels all over Jamaica, including mainly the larger more recognized hotel chains and leaving out the small enterprises around the island. The number of rooms easily exceeds 35,000 and seems to be increasing. Some hotels are easy to see that they have a large amount of rooms like t he chains Iberostar having up to 890 rooms currently, Riu Hotels currently at 701 rooms in the Montego Bay branch and even more at the 10 km long Ocho Rios branch with 856 total rooms, the large Gran Bahia Principe hotel in Runaway Bay with a total of 831 rooms and the Grand Palladium with 540 rooms total.At present, Jamaica has a total of 29,794 rooms across all hotels and the number is only increasing with more and more development. At this rate the hotels would need to expand in a way that would create more rooms but stay within the land that they own. In cases like these, it is common for the hotel chains to try and bend the conditions of their contracts, in an attempt to exploit the government. The company that is most known for this type of bending is the Riu Hotels chain. Problems with InvestorsThe first reported incident started in January of 2008, with their first offense being with the neighboring residents in Mammee Bay. The locals could tell that the water, since the beg inning of the building from 2006, almost two years ago, had been contaminated. Not only for neighboring residents but also in the beachfronts, there had clearly been contamination of the pristine waters. That are one of Jamaica’s claims to fame Continuing into the 22nd of April, Riu had â€Å"not responded to the charges† that was put against them and it left the chairman of Mammee Bay no choice but to take them to court.At first, it had just been a problem of contamination of water but by taking the hotel chain to court a large amount of violations in building code was found, not only ones that are recognized globally but that they specifically signed not to do in their contracts with the government. On May 1st, Riu decided to respond publically by saying that they would remove the ‘decorations’ from the roofs and even tried to put the blame on the Mayor of the time, Mr. Charles Sinclair, for not having the plans approved. Their negligence of the building codes and building rules of Jamaica had gotten to the point that even Prime Minister, Mr.Bruce Golding, had to speak out about it. He bluntly stated that Riu had to comply and demolish the floors that were not approved at the time or else they would face the â€Å"full brunt of Jamaican law. † Finally by May 22nd Riu finally succumb to the will of the government and â€Å"fired up† demolition equipment hired to take down the illegal floors. This case is a representation of the ways that companies try to accomplish their goals by illegitimate means. By using improper building methods, the hotel is lacking in the quality and safety it needs. Since the incident, Riu ad legally acquired more land and were able to spread out but during the first instance, this hotel was contaminating the waters that its costumers were to be using and what is attracting and making people want to visit the Mamee Bay. By contaminating even the waterfront of the hotel, the reputation of Jamaic a’s clean beach waters and clean white sand are immediately ruined and the new contaminated image remains with them. Had their system of development continue, the waters of the Mamee Bay would be an environmental nightmare and take years to get them back to a proper state.The case is also representative of the islands attitude towards its tourism sector, showing that they care for it greatly, by reacting quickly to the problems that were occurring and to get Riu to correct their procedures. This shows that the population understands the risks of polluting our resource and what impact it would have on our tourist industry. Jamaica’s tourism stems also from activities that would open up Jamaica to other interests, rather than having it cater only to a relaxing place for people to get away. Attractions include natural or man-made horticultural, cultural, historical, equestrian, aquatic, aerial, eco-tourism, recreational and environmental facilities for tourists. † ( Page 5, Vision 2030 Jamaica) Jamaica has many different types of attractions, ranging from water parks in Negril and other water activities, nature trails and hiking and canopy tours and other nature themed and adventure type parks, several Natural parks around the island and natural attractions like the blue mountains and the beaches and canopies, all of which are centered around different types of activities that hotels can build around and cater for.Because they are so spread out across the island, it would mean that a visitor would want to experience all of the attractions and travel island wide to experience them all. Cruise Tourism Tourism from Cruising is still a good contribution to Jamaica’s arrivals and shows for 38 percent of Jamaica’s arrivals. In 2008 it was recorded that 1. 1 million people arrived in on cruise ships and cruise passengers spent US$ 91 million in the same year. Mainly the ships that come in to the ports belong the cruise lines Royal Caribb ean Cruises and the Carnival Cruise companies.It is even thought that the main areas of our transport infrastructures are located in the expansion and improvements of our roads as well as in the airports and cruise line ports. The Ocho Rios port is shown to receive the most revenue but Jamaica also has a port in Montego Bay as well as Port Antonio. But even with the income from these ports, a fund known as the Tourism Enhancement Fund was introduced in 2005 where air passengers had to pay US$ 10. 00 and cruise passengers paid US$ 5. 00 through various means by the individual industries.The world cruise industry has experienced positive results in the past five years with the number of passengers steadily on the rise. In 2006 about 12. 1 million passengers took cruises to about 500 ports, and this increased to 13. 2 million in 2008. The Caribbean remains the main cruise destination, accounting for 38. 2% of all itineraries. Ocho Rios is the main port of call for cruise ships. It regu larly receives 679,247 cruise passengers annually 62. 2% of total cruise passenger arrivals for that year. In second, Montego Bay received 405,999 cruise passengers representing 37. % of the total. Growth has been seen over the years in the growth of the cruise industry in relation to the continuing improvement in accessibility of ports and the quality and speed of travel on cruise ships. The average percent age of the GDP growth was usually 4. 5% every year. In 2006, the transport authority noticed that there was a spike in the country’s GDP growth where it reached up to 10%. It was discovered that this was due to a series of natural disasters that affected Mexico as a vacation destination and leaving Jamaica as a default. †¦In 2007 and 2008 the growth rate fell to 0. 7 % and 2. 7 % respectively† (Page 13, Vision 2030 Jamaica) and this was due to both Mexico rebuilding themselves from their natural disaster but more importantly because in 2008 the world experience d the global recession crisis and this prohibited people from travel and especially discouraged them from travel and taking vacations. But even though this was true the increase in the attractiveness and appeal to travel to Jamaica that cause the improvement of the tourism sector of the island has seen an increase in cruise passengers.The number of arrivals grew from 29% in the earlier years of tourism development 1982 to 38 % of total arrivals in 2008. Jamaica’s Investment in Cruise Tourism Jamaica continues to have high levels of people coming in and welcomes over 1 million every year from cruise passengers come to visit our shores. This could be used as an indicator to show how much people think of Jamaica as a good tourist spot that we would be able to have record levels of cruise attendance even through an economic recession, further solidifying Jamaica as a destination of choice. In 2006 the country experienced a record 1,336,994 cruise passengers arrivals, over the 1,1 35,843 for 2005. † (Page 17, Vision 2030 Jamaica) These record visits did not go unrecognized and garnered Jamaica the awarded title Caribbean’s Leading Cruise Destination for 2 years in a row and The World’s Leading Cruise Destination for the first time from the World Travel Awards in 2006. These titles come with a comparable steady growth of the industry of an average 3. 2% growth annually over the past five years from 2004-2008. The government is looking into the cruise ship industry with hope and eagerness.They are so hopeful that the government put a lot of development into a new pier built into Falmouth to add to our already three existing piers. Tourism Minister Edmund Bartlett made a prediction in March 3 of 2011 that Trelawney will become the tourism capital of Jamaica from the increase of people to be coming in from the pier. It was also announced that there is going to be an addition of 10,000 new hotel rooms for the parish over the next five years. Th is is in addition to the current thousands of rooms currently on the northern coast.By adding another capitol town with a new form of transport, Jamaica has made itself available to a new kind of tourism with larger quantities and expanding on what they already receive. With the opening of the pier in Trelawney brings new attraction abilities because of Trelawney as an old town. Tourists can be treated to artifacts from Jamaica’s history. Trelawney as a Capitol â€Å"We are going to make Trelawney the tourism Mecca of Jamaica. This parish, in the next five years will have 10,000 new hotel rooms. I went to Spain two weeks ago and put them back on track, the development at Oyster Bay†¦It is going to happen (and) watch over the next 12 months what is going to happen at Harmony Cove,† Bartlett told JLP supporters. (Jamaica Observer) The pier was estimated to hopefully bring in about US$ 500 million that will be able to be injected into the economy by the government. T he pier and the tourism from the pier have created a number of jobs for the local area. The Tourism Product Development Company had trained over 400 residents of Trelawney by February of 2011 in various aspects of tourism as the parish prepares for its debut in the rising and steadily increasing cruise shipping arena.All of these efforts were put in place in the hope that the government gets Trelawney ready for a new bustling area of tourism for Jamaica to invest in thanks to the Falmouth Cruise Ship Pier. Over US$ 50 million was spent on several aspects of the parish including training, aesthetic appearance, zinc fence removal, the creation of public parking areas and sanitary conveniences, the renovation of the historic Court House and many other improvements across the town of Falmouth to make it somewhere to visit again and more appealing. In addition to the training, over 1000 residents have been involved in tourism sensitization workshops.This aspect is very important aspect o f helping the tourists become more acclimatized to our culture rather than giving them a culture shock, an aspect that often leaves many visitors with bad first impression and can affect tourism. The enthusiasm behind our increasing cruise industry brings in the prospect of new investments. In 2006 the Port Authority of Jamaica and Royal Caribbean Cruise Limited (RCCL) signed a five year contract with each other, valued at over US$16. 5 million. This means that there will be a guarantee that the RCCL will provide a minimum of 2. million cruise passengers over the next five years and so gives us a dependable income. Additionally, the planned development of Falmouth as a brand new cruise port along with the planned expansion of the Port of Montego Bay are expected to boost the country’s chances of capitalizing from the changes in the industry. All of these changes in the ports will push the country to develop the other aspects to have a proper port like the marinas. Tourism Int egration and Social Friction Social friction causes many of the problems that come from ‘language’ barriers or rather problems that come from people not understanding each other.Another problem that arises is when tourists that come to visit get involved in the corruption or the horrible acts that people condone in Jamaica unfortunately. Also, bad impressions are also made when men are behaving inappropriately towards guests is something that would deter people from returning the island. Integration of the tourists into Jamaican society smoothly is a concern of many companies and can lead to many problems because of several reasons. The most apparent and anticipated one is the fact that not all people are comfortable with mixing with members of another race or are outspokenly racist.Jamaica’s majority is black and so the tourist that come in may not act respectfully towards the nationals. Jamaican culture is centered around mutual respect and so if they do not sh ow respect then the nationals don’t show any respect and the tourists, not understanding this, think that it is the Jamaican’s fault. This leads into the other problem that is cultural barriers. Jamaica’s culture is very strong and the people have a good sense of it. There are many beliefs and social norms that are different as would be visiting any country.Sometimes, unknowingly, a tourist may do something that is normal to them but is offensive to Jamaicans, especially in relation to homosexuals. Something that is known to bring women to the country is a service called ‘Rent-a-Dread’, where women will arrange from wherever they are to meet with a ‘dread’, a male escort that will be a companion for the women for as long as they have paid for. This is technically illegal because it is almost a form of prostitution. Unlike the weed services that are heavily advertised, this is kept more secret and is usually heard about from the friends of the women who have used it before.He problems that arise from this type of tourism is its conflict with sex trafficking laws and Jamaica’s laws pertaining to prostitution and the fact that it is illegal. Even though it can be portrayed as a tourist integration service, the participants are still using money in the transaction of pleasure from the â€Å"dread† to the woman. For Trelawney, from 2005, the feeling of crime increase coupled with the future plans for development made residents of the town uneasy and sentiments of interruption of the multi billion-dollar investment were shared among the community.Police statistics from 2005 showed an increase in the amount of shooting crimes in that area, increasing by nine to a total of 17. It was more worrying that this was all happening around the summer period. But of that same year there had been a decline in other forms of crime like break-ins or larceny. Even in the last year, 2011, Trelawney’s court had a fa ir share of crimes, most of which were reportedly sexually based crimes occurring very early within the year.But by the middle of the year the police force sought to correct the problems and made and effort to put in place a system that would help reduce crime. They employed the use of several classic methods, involving the community but mostly keeping abreast and alert to anything that was happening in the town to stay on top of it. In 2010 Trelawney had a record level of crime, dipping with 28 percent decrease in total crime for Jamaica, followed by 2011, which dipped by 27 percent by the March period of the year. Environmental DegradationOne of the main aspects of the environment that is damaged the most from interference of the tourist is the coral reef. As well as dealing with the tourist interaction, another aspect that is affecting the reefs are the increased levels of activity of the cruise ships coming in, especially with the addition of the Trelawney Pier. The coral reefs in the Caribbean are famous for how much life they have and for how clear it is. Untrained observers of the coral reef don’t understand the delicate balance of the reef and accidently throw it out of sync and cause the coral to start bleaching.A U. K. marine scientist M. J. C. Crabbe was quoted from his work Marine Environmental Research, which looked at Jamaica’s coral reefs and attributed the changes to several aspects of environmental interference in a bog known as the World Climate Report. His finding were entered in a September 13th 2010 entry by an admin of the blog, and was quoted as to saying that the corals state of health derived from Coastal development increase, overfishing, land being developed adjacent to reefs and the work being done on Jamaica’s north coast road development.He also went on to state that there had been improvement to the fringing corals in discovery bay at the end of 2008 and that there would have been hope but the fishermen of th e area did not implement the preservation tactics that were to be installed. Conclusion Jamaica spends a lot of money on the development of new facilities to generate more income. There are new attractions being built and put up all around the place. Construction and finishing of buildings and roads are happening fast and will be able to escalate our development in other areas of the country.A lot of the investments from foreign companies were not based on the best of contracts and so resulted in an exploitation of the country in the tax breaks and the cost of import for the foreign companies is lower, all done in hopes that it would create positive effects but it resulted in exploitation of the countries resources. There is hope that the resources will eventually gain stability and increase at a sustainable rate and continue into the future.With legislations and laws put in place to support sustainable development, Jamaica should be on the right track to being able to continue deve lopment on the tourist sector. The coral reefs are being protected by restriction s on aquatic traffic and sanctuaries. The building of hotels and attractions destroys the environment but with new legislations and building laws, they help support the environment and stimulate growth. I believe that Jamaica’s resources will be able to sustain development because of the current laws, legislations and systems put in place.Bibliography * http://statinja. gov. jm/ * http://www. visitjamaica. com/ * http://www. worldclimatereport. com/index. php/2010/09/13/coral-bleaching/ * http://www. vision2030. gov. jm/Portals/0/Speeches/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Overview%20of%20launch%20of%20Vision%202030%20Jamaica-%20National%20Development%20Plan,%20Popular%20Version. pdf * http://jamaica-gleaner. com/ * http://www. jamaicaobserver. com/ * http://jamaica-gleaner. com/gleaner/20050629/lead/lead4. html * http://jamaica-gleaner. com/gleaner/20110223/news/news91. html *

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Essay

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Introduction             Confucianism and Taoism are ideologies that originated from China. These two ideologies have become very influencing though they have been known to be different in various approaches. The analysis of this paper will include introduction of the main ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism, and it is also providing a comparison between the two ideologies. Confucianism             It is a word used for the ideologies of Confucius, a scholar that existed at the time of warring states. The keyword of Confucianism generally is the concept of humanism (Ritzer 37). Among the five virtues of Confucianism are Humanism, Righteousness, Principle, Knowledge, and Integrity. Taoism             He was a scholar who like the others lived in the period of the warring states, and had a different approach in his ideologies. Tao is the main concept of Taoism, meaning â€Å"way.† It is described as a spontaneous, natural, external way of things, as well as the way they pursue their course (Ritzer 38). The argument of many philosophies is that in case people are going to let everything in life to flow in their own way, then everything would definitely work out, like in the starts of his argument in this case it affirms the word â€Å"refrain.†             While Confucianism has emphasized more on humans and their capabilities, Taoism has emphasized nature and equality. According to Confucius when an individual has faults, he should not have fear in abandoning them. Confucianism recognizes the need to be strong by shunning away any set back from other people who do not recognize the ability that you possess as portrayed by the statement â€Å"Do not grieve when people fail to recognize your ability, Grieve for your lack of ability.† Never listen or be bothered with what they think about your ability but always rise-up to the occasion and not grieve. These concepts are what Confucius was using in bringing order and peace to society and he was considered successful in doing so. Based on the facts that his argument on life emphasizes more on the importance of human relations, it is still influential.             Confucius recognizes what a noble mind aspires to â€Å"slow to speak and quick to act,† in the same way the ancient people spoke little, similarly Lao Tzu view that life is supposed to be with little quarrels in order to avoid quarrelling with other people. Confucius viewed life to be all about loyalty, ready to change whenever wrong, always standing by your words, as well as choosing only the kindred as your friends.             Taoism has emphasized humbleness and gratefulness throughout life, â€Å"†¦have little and gain; Have much and be confused.† Taoism also has considered humbleness in life in another perspective; standing by your own words as a way of being humble. The philosopher describes wise men as setting example to all and in order for that to happen a wise man must always stand by his own word, a character that can be desired and be emulated â€Å"†¦.And set an example to all†¦.They shine forth.†             Taoism view about life has been considered as perhaps too mystical. It can be criticized to be just an ideology that is trying to escape reality. Moreover, as much as Taoism could give a skeptical view, it failed to provide a realistic solution about life.             However, Confucius as a philosophy has a deeper sense of life with realistic solution, especially regarding the opinion that other people have about some other people. According to Confucius, people should not just be comfortable with the way they have been described and give title whether positive or negative. When they talk good about other people, do not just take the complement and remain comfortable, investigate and find out the reason behind being good to them. This is always more serious when they hate you. Since there are many reasons behind somebody holding an opinion about another person, it is indeed important to investigate more why other people have decided to have that opinion, this is because there may be genuine reason behind doing so which may just be a misunderstanding of what was wrongly perceived.             According to Confucius just like Taoism in some aspects every individual is required to act with virtue in every social matters, family, community, state, and kingdom, mainly to ensure order and unity. Though these two philosophies may have taken different philosophies, they have in one way or the other succeeded in shaping of the society in terms of their way of life and their approach to life. Realistic or not realistic their ideologies stand to stay and the perceiving mind is what should embrace and accept the reality. Conclusion             Following the rise of individualism and freedom, the modern society always forgets their manners and patience. Most of the people tend to be selfish, rude, and having over high esteem about themselves. Just as emphasized by Confucius in his time, people should learn to be calm and respectful in life. Also Taoism has pointed out the need to learn being free, empty our minds, as well as clear our souls. This is because nobody in this world that do not need peace of minds. References Ritzer, George. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill, 2009. 37–38. Print. Source document

Parthenon as a Paradigm for Current Practice In Australia Thesis

Parthenon as a Paradigm for Current Practice In Australia - Thesis Example This essay stresses that the ancient Greeks used to regard the Athenians highly. The culture was accommodating for the Metz, and other foreigners. They were not allowed to vote, or to take an active part in the religious festivals of the Athenians. The Greeks made a distinction between the people who did not belong from Athens and those who were born and bred in Athens. The foreigners were not granted equal rights as that of their Athenian counterparts and were also tortured to bear witness in the judiciary. This paper makes a conclusion that the Parthenon is an epitome of what the Greek considered to be the height of their spiritual and cultural values. It is has symbolizes the art and culture of the Greek. It has served as a civic center, museum and mosque for civilizations of the past and so is representative of the values of different cultures that have inhabited it. It connects people of various cultures from all over the world. The Parthenon is a symbol of unity and harmony. It reflects the ideologies and ideals of the Greek way of life. The ideals were centered on the Greek’s reverence for the Gods and so represent the purity of their feelings for them. The Parthenon serves as a model in the search for pure forms and archaic simplicity and is feeds on the spiritual desires of people who believe in the Divine. For Australians, this message is of great importance. They should know that they are connected with people from all over the world, no matter what their cast, color an d creed is, and should reflect the ideals of humanity in their conduct.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example Fourthly, the company works to enhance the quality of the products through offering different cuttings and also renders potential information to the consumers in regards to different product characteristics. Fifthly, the company conducts effective after sales service and, thus, helps the customer’s to contact through phone and mail. Sixthly, the order delivery time is well scheduled and also calls for refund within a period of one month if not satisfied with the quality of the diamond. (b) The company becomes able to render high quality diamonds and fine jewelry at seemingly competitive prices owing to the advantage of its potential supply chain system, the strategy involved in reducing the cost of operations and the mode of technology used. Inventory holding cost is reduced by the company with also the gaining of orders from the suppliers when the customer finally has made the order. This helps in reducing the ordering cost. Technology used in the diamond company is both trad itional and modern, coupled with outsourcing activities conducted. This helps in reducing the cost of operation and, thus, renders low cost diamonds to the customers. (c) The process of educating the consumers on the quality and features of the product helps the company in adequately maintaining effective customer relationship with the people. Thus, through this process the company can work in enhancing the brand awareness in the larger market and in highlighting on the parameters of transparency and trade ethics thereby helping in consumer retention (Thompson and Eastburn, 2010, p.127-130). Question #2 – Google (a) I certainly would have bought the stock of Google for the company reflects an appreciation in its stock level by 18 percent during 2004. The appreciation of its stock level also shows the mass appeal for the initial public offering of the company and gain the different parties to the stock ownership of Google also reflect significant gain in profits. Thus, it woul d not be a wrong decision in moving over to purchase the stocks of Google. (b) Definitely, Google is one of the important and influential companies of the early twenty first century in that the company is continuously innovating on its search engine features by introducing key elements like online books, maps, social networking features like orkut and other blogging sites. This introduction of new elements, thus, attracts large number of visitors to its site also surpassing You Tube by revenues worth $200 million during 2007. The search engine also renders commercial advantages through its Ad-word initiative, thus, covering every aspect of internet usage in the modern world. Again, Google also tends to enter the mobile technological interface through the use of Android technology helping users to use Google via their handsets. (c) The corporate culture of Google reflects a different culture from the other corporate firms operating in the United States. It is found that the work cult ure at Google rests on employee empowerment and an adequate teamwork environment where the people are not measured on the basis of their individual actions. People are encouraged to help in boosting the system of innovation in the company and in spending their time on operations rather than involved in long hour meetings. Dependence on the company on their employees’