Gay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay -- Same-Sex Marriage Essays

As gentlemany minority groups in the United States have fought for their civil rights in past decades, it is the gay community that right away finds itself striving for equal opportunities in our cultur each(prenominal)y diverse nation. Although they have already come a long way in the path of acceptance, most lately the gay community has had to confront extremist conservative groups who claim that allowing same-sex couples to join in a civilly recognized union violates the act of a traditional, sacrosanct marriage. Gay and lesbian individuals feel that, like any other group, they should not be denied rights that are typically bestowed upon straightaway couples who are recognized by the federal government. Certainly, there are states that have drafted and created protections for same-sex couples under civil unions and domestic partnership laws, however, the formation of such ordinances creates a separate and unequal status for some of Americas citizens. As the precedent set by Brown V. The Board of Education exhibited in 1955, which pleaded a case for racial equality, the same theory of creating a separate scarce equal environment for groups of any nature has been proven to be unconstitutional. On June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. nearly Americans opposing the Supreme Court ruling allowing same-sex marriages belong to conservative, religious, or Republican groups. These opponents of homosexual equality fear that the allowance of same-sex marriages will lessen the validity of heterosexual marriages and make a mockery of the tradition that brings two loving souls together. Many argue that marriage is a sacred union between a man and a woman established for ... ...ago those laws were overturned in 1967 and are now seen as absurd and discriminatory. Obviously, legalizing gay marriage in the United States will modify the lives of same-sex couples and provide them with marriage benefits ranging from countless legal protections to rights allowing them to adopt, raise and share custody of children. Yes, civil unions and domestic partnership laws are leading the gay community in a positive direction as these laws are beneficiary to gay and lesbian couples. However, these protections are simply not representative of the American ideal that all men are created equal. DOMA restricts the recognition of gay and lesbian marriages or unions on a state-to-state level. If as citizens we truly are equal, then why arent heterosexual marriages that recognized by the states that issue their marriage certificates?

The Spanish Influenza Epidemic :: Journalism Epidemics Health Essays

The Spanish Influenza EpidemicLos Angeles, October 28--The effects of the Spanish flu outbreak from its date of original contamination, September 13(1), to now have been widespread and horrific. With more than 4500 new cases being reported today, the total for California is now higher up 60,000.(7) Not even two days prior to this printing, San Francisco witnessed its worst day, with over 2000 new cases reported accompany by 96 deaths.(6) The once thought of array epidemic now has a firm grip on civilian life. Following a skip set by m either East margin cities over a month ago, many public facilities remain closed. Operational theaters and moving picture shows argon now quite difficult to find, public schools ar said to remain closed until at least November 6, and the City of Los Angeles Liberty Fair has be postponed indefinitely.(5) many churches have had to stop congregations and Sunday schools, and generally any unnecessary places of public gatherings have been shut d own. Earlier this month the Balloon School in Arcadia tried taking preventative measures by enacting a separate of its students to the surrounding cities where no cases of influenza were reported.(3) The ban was lifted on October 5, with the school remaining clear of the epidemic. exercise has been an issue for not only citizens simply employers. umpteen workers are unable to continue duty, while the unemployed are not being hired for tutelage of contamination. Only two weeks ago a title for civil service workers from Los Angeles to Washington D.C. was halted until the epidemic calms down, not only hurting civilians looking for work but also impairing the United States military machine in its effort to win the war. The specific agent responsible for this outbreak is still unknown, but the symptoms seem to be clear. As quoted from Surgeon General Blue, The disease has a sudden onset ... people are stricken on the streets, while at work in factories, shipyards, offices, and elsewhere. He continues, saying First there is a chill, then fever with temperature from 101 to 103, headache, backache, reddening and running of the eyes, pains and aches all over the body, and general prostration. It is commonly suggested that if sense of smell these symptoms, one should quickly get into bed and isolate oneself, then call a physician. Common advice to prevent infection from this malady has been to stay active, eat well, short sleep well, and spend as much time in open spaces as possible as to have the most amount of fresh air around.The Spanish Influenza Epidemic Journalism Epidemics Health EssaysThe Spanish Influenza EpidemicLos Angeles, October 28--The effects of the Spanish influenza outbreak from its date of original contamination, September 13(1), to now have been widespread and horrific. With more than 4500 new cases being reported today, the total for California is now above 60,000.(7) Not even two days prior to this printing, San Francisco wi tnessed its worst day, with over 2000 new cases reported accompanied by 96 deaths.(6) The once thought of army epidemic now has a firm grip on civilian life. Following a trend set by many East coast cities over a month ago, many public facilities remain closed. Operational theaters and moving picture shows are now quite difficult to find, public schools are said to remain closed until at least November 6, and the City of Los Angeles Liberty Fair has be postponed indefinitely.(5) Many churches have had to stop congregations and Sunday schools, and generally any unnecessary places of public gatherings have been shut down. Earlier this month the Balloon School in Arcadia tried taking preventative measures by enacting a quarantine of its students to the surrounding cities where no cases of influenza were reported.(3) The ban was lifted on October 5, with the school remaining clear of the epidemic. Employment has been an issue for not only citizens but employers. Many workers are unable to continue duty, while the unemployed are not being hired for fear of contamination. Only two weeks ago a call for civil service workers from Los Angeles to Washington D.C. was halted until the epidemic calms down, not only hurting civilians looking for work but also impairing the United States military machine in its effort to win the war. The specific agent responsible for this outbreak is still unknown, but the symptoms seem to be clear. As quoted from Surgeon General Blue, The disease has a sudden onset ... people are stricken on the streets, while at work in factories, shipyards, offices, and elsewhere. He continues, saying First there is a chill, then fever with temperature from 101 to 103, headache, backache, reddening and running of the eyes, pains and aches all over the body, and general prostration. It is commonly suggested that if feeling these symptoms, one should quickly get into bed and isolate oneself, then call a physician. Common advice to prevent infec tion from this malady has been to stay active, eat well, sleep well, and spend as much time in open spaces as possible as to have the most amount of fresh air around.

Brazilian Educational System Essay -- Education, Faith Schools

Whereas, there are few researches related to the impact of non-Christian students in Christian institutions, this reflect was designed to present the perceptions of insiders to the Brazilian educational system instead of the usual outside perspective. Therefore, were chosen as subject Adventist schools in the North of Brazil due to their expressive result of non-Adventist students enrol direct there. The aim of this basic qualitative conceive is to investigate the characteristics of these schools in particular from denominational and educational leaders perceptions about the elevated number of non-believer there. Naturally, methods of data collection used in this study were semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, and statistical documents from the funding institution. The research questions arising from the above objective were as follows1. What are the reasons for enrollment of the non-Adventist students in Adventist schools?2. What dangers and/or advantages for Adve ntist schools with high number of students who do not profess the same values and beliefs? 3. What kind of actions can be taken to solve or soften this trend? REVIEW OF THE literary worksThe expansion on the number of enrollees from other religious denominations or beliefs is a phenomenon perceived by faith schools. Although the debate between the evangelistic and protective genial function of the crest schools yet persist in some academic circles, in many places around the world economic, legal, and cultural factors have impact. Tevni, Grajales, & Leon (2010) conducted a study in SDA schools with students and parents from diverse religious beliefs in Chile. They found out that both SDA and Evangelical parents contribute on ratings of emphasis on educati... ...o make distinction in the admission of students based upon race, gender, nationality, religion, or ethnic origin, students from different backgrounds have been enrolled in Adventist schools. Based on statistic report of Ed ucation Department of North Brazilian Union, the down(p) Amazon Conferences schools have presented an increase in number of students in all decades except in 1990s to 2000s where were lost of 1953 students in elementary-level. It happened due to economic crisis from 1996 to 2003 that led to the closure of several small schools (Azevedo, 2005). In 2010, were enrolled 6.715 students from pre-school to high school in eight elementary and two secondary schools where 77% of students belonging to other faiths and ideologies. For this study was included the secondary classes of the recent inaugurated Adventist Amazon College, located in Benevides, Par.

Communication Self-Analysis :: Communication

1. I just started working at a clothing store, and it was a great way for me to engage in new confabulations and identify the elements that go into interpersonal communication. An essential to this conversation was that she was willing to take her time to get to know me and teach me how to do things, and I was able to listen. The following contexts existed in my conversation with a fellow young woman coworker. The physical dimension was that we were at our workplace where it is dimly lit, there wasnt a lot of people around, and we were surrounded by clothing. The temporal dimension was that it was nighttime when we were working so we were both tired, and I was a new employee whereas she had been working here for a long time and had to a greater extent experience then I did. That also goes along with the social-psychological dimension in that we had a new relationship, she was in a higher rank then I was in our work, and the situation was friendly and easy going since we were just b eginning to know each other. The cultural dimension came into play in that she is originally from Texas and I am from Utah. When she talked she had a slight southern accent and would use slang words like yall, words that I usually dont use. sound had a big impact on the conversation as well. There was much physical noise around us from the loud music compete in the store, the sound of people walking the mall, the music playing in the mall, and other conversations going on around us. There wasnt any unambiguous physiological noise, but there was psychological noise going on with myself as I wasnt so focused on what she was saying and more than worried about if I was doing my job right and in making a good first impression. Also, it was my first time meeting this person so I tried hard not to make any preconceived ideas about the girl. Semantic noise was the southern accent the girl had. When speaking to this girl I did realized how context and noise can influence the way a conve rsation goes. 2. One of my roommates just got a new boyfriend, and from the moment I met him my perception process told me that I wouldnt like this guy. The first thing I noticed about him was that he reeked of smoke and alcohol.

Kurt Donald Cobain :: Biography

Kurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20, 1976 in Hoquaim, a small town south-west of Seattle. When he was about six months old he locomote to Arberdeen and spent most of his childhood there. His parents divorced when he was seven years old. Cobain did not handle the divorce well. Cobain said that he never felt love or secure again (Ronson, 1996). He became anti-social and withdrawn after the divorce. Cobain was passed around to several relatives and even lived under a bridge at one point. later on Cobains parents divorced, he lived with his mom in a trailer park for a year. Cobain then lived with his arrest in Montesano. His father do him participate in sports. Cobain would intentionally not perform well while playing sports to get back at his dad. Cobain decided to learn how to play guitar sort of of playing sports. He enjoyed reading and doing other artistic activities. Cobains interests made him a target for bullies. (Wilson, 1996)Cobain was a sickly child. As an infant, he suffered from chronic bronchitis and scoliosis, and, by the age of seven, he was being prescribed both Ritalin and sedatives to allow him to sleep (Headlam, 1996). Cobain complained of burning stomach pain that kept him from participating in gym class. In 1985 Cobain started the forget me drug Nirvana. The band went through several changes before finally becoming Nirvana. In 1987 the band was playing in several locations. In 1988 the band landed their first record deal. Cobains music mainstreamed the grunge sound. Nirvana rose very quickly to become stars. Nirvana was, briefly, the most commonplace band in the world largely because of the cult of personality that grew around Cobain (Headlam, 1996).After Nirvana released the album Nevermind, Cobain married Courtney Love. Love shared Cobains tasting for self-destruction, but none of his ambivalence about fame. Together they went on a drug taking spree that resulted a few times in Cobain most dying and Love taking heroin during h er pregnancy (Headlam, 1996). Cobain claimed that the birth of his daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, made him a different man. He claimed that he was a doting father and husband. It is believed that the drug use continued though. On March 5th , 1994 Cobain was rushed to the hospital in a coma after an unsuccessful suicide conjure in which he washed down about fifty prescription painkillers with champagne (Ronson, 1996). The attempt was not made known to many people.

Kurt Donald Cobain :: Biography

Kurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20, 1976 in Hoquaim, a small town south-west of Seattle. When he was about sestet months old he moved to Arberdeen and spent most of his childhood there. His parents divorced when he was seven years old. Cobain did not handle the divorce well. Cobain said that he never felt loved or secure again (Ronson, 1996). He became anti-social and withdrawn after(prenominal) the divorce. Cobain was passed around to several relatives and even lived under a keep going at one point.After Cobains parents divorced, he lived with his mom in a trailer park for a year. Cobain then lived with his dumbfound in Montesano. His father made him participate in sports. Cobain would intentionally not perform well while playing sports to get back at his dad. Cobain unflinching to learn how to play guitar instead of playing sports. He enjoyed reading and doing other artistic activities. Cobains interests made him a target for bullies. (Wilson, 1996)Cobain was a sickly child. As an infant, he suffered from chronic bronchitis and scoliosis, and, by the age of seven, he was being prescribed both Ritalin and sedatives to allow him to sleep (Headlam, 1996). Cobain complained of burning stomach pain that kept him from participating in gym class. In 1985 Cobain started the band Nirvana. The band went through several changes before finally becoming Nirvana. In 1987 the band was playing in several locations. In 1988 the band landed their first record deal. Cobains music mainstreamed the grunge sound. Nirvana rose very quickly to fit stars. Nirvana was, briefly, the most popular band in the world largely because of the cult of personality that grew around Cobain (Headlam, 1996).After Nirvana released the album Nevermind, Cobain married Courtney have it away. Love shared Cobains penchant for self-destruction, but none of his ambivalence about fame. Together they went on a drug taking spree that resulted a a couple of(prenominal) times in Cobain nearly d ying and Love taking heroin during her pregnancy (Headlam, 1996). Cobain claimed that the birth of his daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, made him a different man. He claimed that he was a doting father and husband. It is believed that the drug use continued though. On March 5th , 1994 Cobain was rushed to the hospital in a coma after an unsuccessful suicide bid in which he washed down about fifty prescription painkillers with champagne (Ronson, 1996). The attempt was not made cognize to many people.

Animal Rebellion in Animal Farm

sensual Farm by George Orwell is a story about a group of animals that rebel to get their freedom. It is a story about a society with excellent ideas for progress, that starts with good management, but eventually becomes corrupt. It is a devastating satire on the Russian Revolution. The story elements are matched by a simpleton prose style. This novel is a straightforward piece of story-telling, which makes the theme of the story pretty clear totalitarianism is not to be trusted and the communist revolution changed intimately nothing.George Orwell used some literary elements much(prenominal) as plot, characterization, irony, and allusion to stick in and emphasize the theme of the story. First, Orwell used the plot and characters to present the theme of the story. For instance, the pigs and dogs took most of the power for themselves, thinking they were the best administrators of government. This shows that they were giving themselves attributions and were starting to be unequal. Eventually, the power corrupted them and they killed many of their fellow animals to eliminate competition.Also, Orwell used the pigs to represent the leaders of the Russian government during the 1920s, such as Lenin and Stalin. This illustrates how the author used characters, in this case the pigs, to describe the way some leaders acted while they were in charge of their government. Overall, by using a suspenseful but explicit plot, and a personification of animals, Orwell made the reader understand the corruption that surrounded the Russian government. In addition, Orwell used the irony and allusion to present the theme of the story.For example, it is ironic how the animals never remembered any of the commandments clearly, and every time Squealer changed them, nobody noticed it, except Benjamin. This shows how much confidence the animals had on their leaders. They believed that after Mr. Jones had left, immediately they were supposedly their own masters. Also, Orwell used allusio n by presenting a rebellion of animals, which made reference to the Russian Revolution of 1917. This shows how the author used animals to indirectly tap the leaders of the Russian government during the revolution.By making reference to historical events from the past, the author made a link between the past and present actions and how they mend to one another. Therefore, Animal Farm shows how revolutionary ideals of justice, equality and fraternity always shatter in the moment in which they are going to be practiced. Animal Farm concerns one of the central political experiences of our time revolution. It is a story about a revolution for an ideal, and about how the ideal is increasingly betrayed until it disappears altogether from the pertly ociety after the revolution.Because of the corruption within the pig leaders, the animals on the farm ended perhaps even worse than when Mr. Jones was in charge. Every time men and women descend to change the system of government they were b orn under, there has been a revolution. Orwell is trying to get to the point that revolutions are leading to eventual destruction of society. All in all, there is always going to be a social status that will divide men and economic classes from one another.

Love and sex in Geoge Orwell’s novel “1984” Essay

George Orwells novel 1984 explores intimate human relationships in a bleak futuristic society as experienced by protagonist Winston Smith. Since in that respect are few bonds stronger than those developed from loving relationships among family, friends, and humprs, the only entity acceptable to bonk in Oceania is the face of the Party, better-looking Brother. This restriction is necessary to achieving transact power and incorporate over its citizens, as the Party must dissolve all loyalties derived with love, land up, and family and redirect them upon itself. By destroying trust the Party has cut the links between child and parent, and between man and man, and between man and woman(220).To train the citizens of Oceania for complete submission and devotion to Big Brother and the Party the family bond has been completely devalued, as No one dares trust a wife or a child or a friend any longer.(220) The Junior Spies are an organization in which children have become the police an d denouncers of their parents in the name of Big Brother. By this doer, the Party has managed to wedge itself between one of the most powerful instinctual bonds to turn parental devotion into fear and children into faithful machines of the Party as an elongation of the Thought Police. Parsons remark In feature Im proud of her. It shows I brought her up in the right spirit, anyway(193) in response to his missys betrayal, clearly portrays the Partys influence in the family institution. Not only does the daughter value the Partys approval more than her grows life, but also Parsons appropriate response is to be grateful for the betrayal and to those who enforce it.The betrayal of the family bond is a common theme in 1984. Orwell illustrates how weak that loyalty has become with the skull-faced mans desperate begging to watch his wife and childrens throats be slit as an alternative to the Ministry of sleep withs room 101 with a complete lack of private loyalties(136). Winstons memo ries of his mothers love in a time when there were still privacy, love, and friendship, and when the members of a family stood by one some other without needing to know the reason(28) confront his suspicions that to remain human, one was not loyal to a society or a country or an idea, they were loyal to one another(136).Technically, consorting with prostitutes is forbidden, but it seems to be tacitly encouraged just the same, as a means of relieving natural tensions. The more serious crime involves relations between Party members. The Party does not wish to allow the development of loyalties to any other acts or persons than itself, so it tends to deny permission of marriage to couples who appear attracted to one another, and it campaigns actively against charge up as anything other than a slightly disagreeable duty whose resole purpose is propagation of the species. The Party feeds off the hysteria produced from sexual privation, as it is conveniently transformed into war fever and leader worship(110).Through its control of marriages and sexual mores, the Party resembles a conservative religious institution. By attempting to control peoples loyalties and loves, and redirect those towards itself, the Party posits itself as the end and the ultimate salvation. Katharine horizontal calls sex our duty to the Party, and it is a weekly ritual almost like a martyrdom, in which both she and Winston are uncomfortable but must grant through it anyway.Clearly, Winstons desire to have a woman of his own with whom sex could be pleasurable is yet another instance of his heretical tendencies. It does not seem something that he has experienced yet, since his encounter with the prostitute was somehow dirtying in every sense. His desire to evoke desire is itself thoughtcrime, and part of his overall rising against the world he lives in.. The Junior Anti-Sex League is one of the propaganda organizations used to control desire and teach sexual orthodoxy. The Partys sexual puritanism is due to the fact that the sex instinct creates a world of its own(110) and is therefore out of the Partys control and must be destroyed The sex instinct will be eradicated. Procreation will be an annual formality like the renewal of a ration card. We shall abolish the orgasm(220). The sex instinct is dangerous to the Party and makes a direct, intimate connection between chastity and governmental orthodoxy(111). Sex is an act of outright rebellion, as all gratifying sex must be in a society where the act issupposed to be free of pleasure. In this sense Winstons affair with Julia is a political act against the Party, which is part of the attraction. Perhaps the greatest crime they commit is declaring love for someone as an mortal, someone who is separate from the Party.Love, the clear anti-thesis to everything the Party stands for, has heavily ironic meaning in 1984. The language along with the emotion is manipulated by the Party to gain control of the people. The Mini stry of Love, for example, concerns itself with torture, and the destruction of the individual is referred to as love for Big Brother.Winston battles to discover his humanity by equating the ability to feel love with the essence of being human. Winston progresses from seeing Julia as an outlet for his political unorthodoxy and his sexual energy, to seeing her as a companion, linked to him in a marriage of love. As long as Winston loves Julia, and what she represents to him, he is able to count in himself and his humanity enough to hate Big Brother. Once he betrays that love, he violates his own humanity and can no longer love another human All you care more or less is yourself(240). The Party, through Winstons betrayal of Julia, has cut another link to loyalty derived by love and redirected it upon itself. Winston is left a shell of a man having won the victory over himself and learned to love Big Brother (245).The goal of the Party is to wipe out the individual There will be no l oyalty, except loyalty toward the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother.(220) In 1984 Orwell warns about the future of man who is doomed to lose his individualness without love and loyalty. Family, sex, and love are the anchors that hold the emotions of human essence to our individual selves, resulting in Ownlife.

People Are Getting Overly Dependent on Technology

Running head IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 1 Is selective nurture applied science becoming the primary necessity of our existence as we argon flummoxting parasitical on it? Raisa Sadat Sharmin Brac University IS IT BECOMING THE PRIMARY NECESSITY OF OUR life- meter? 2 Abstract This paper explores four published obliges that surveys and gathered information on intimately the practice session of information technology. the articles, however gives various data about the statistics of using internet from different groups of masss. A nonher reflected the development of Google within last ten years, and alike about the expenditure on information technology.One of the article deals with the facts that young students be addicted towards sexting. And lastly one paper deals with the decrease of printed materials. In fact this paper is a re appear organize on the habituation and independency of humans on the information technology. IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 3 I s information technology becoming the primary necessity of our existence as we are getting dependent on it? Could you please hurry up? Im getting late a customer in a re in a flashned super shop is becoming restless due to the long queue in the payment desk. But what happened?Why has everything halted suddenly? It was just a caseful of system misfortune, which stopped exclusively the kit and caboodle inside the shop and the cashier was unable to make the bills, as the bar code reader and all other software were not responding. As a result, the keeping list got longer and created chaos inside the shop. Look, how such a simple system failure is creating so much of distr military action in our life. The above situation was just an example from a super shop, but it is not the only thing establish on information technology. In fact, closely of the things in our country are forthwith based on information technology.Even if the gentlemans gentleman recognizes Bangladesh to be a po or, developing country with many people living below the poverty line, the usage of technology is considerably high. In a report published in net income world statistics, the condition (2010) stated that the number of mobile call back usage increased from 100,000 to 995,560 with the rate expanding from 0. 1% to 0. 6%, during 2000 to 2010. Nowa solar mean solar days, cellphoneular phone usage has become very common amongst the get class in our country. Also offices and stores are relying on technology for storing their records and dealings.Moreover, students cede become dependent on the Internet for believeking essential information. Why are we using this information technology? Because these technology makes our life easier, for example it enables us to go across with others at a outer space within a second, IM and video conferencing are allowing us to be in touch with our relatives staying abroad, and that besides for free only the line rent is enough to let us exchange few words with our relatives. In addition information on the Internet are allowing us to get updates in a number of seconds.Even if it is providing us with ample benefits, it is openhanded rise to dependency. I strongly believe that people are getting over dependent on technology, as these facilities are make us in in force(p) in manual work procedure, handicapped without technology, and it is also becoming a main reason for wastage of silver in the case of the young generations, though IT is providing us a less m consuming lifestyle, low cost communicating facility and a digital mood of refreshment. IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 4 Just recall the previous measure, when we were not touched by the digital life system what happened in that time?Students did not got any help oneself from the internet for their assignments, in spite of that they did their assignments and other works, they were not thrown out of the institutes for getting bad grades. Scientists, doctors, engineers were born previously they also did their research works, as well as new blinds. They worked knockout, without looking for something simpler they went through the printed books, to gather information for themselves but nowadays students cannot charge call back of doing their papers without the help of the technology, they are becoming ineffective to go through the manual working procedure.As time changes, we are getting new technologies to improve our lifestyle, as for example, now assignments, projects and other brainstorming works are easier today. Just type the word and click to search anything about the related topic in Google (the most efficient search engine). According to Dingle (2010), Google did a revolution in the business sector by starting its journey of giving free service to search information in its sites, and day-by-day Google is expanding its services. Google obviously makes our life easier, and that is why students tend to rely upon it for their acade mic purpose.Zillien and Hargittai (2009) did a survey on different types of Internet usage on the various classes of people in the society the most common usage amongst all the group of peoples was email and search engine usage. From higher class to lower class, everyone is dependent on Google, as almost 86% of the sample replies to it, and above 90% responds to the email usage. Karen et al. (2010), says students are getting dependent on the electronic and search engine sources mostly within 1996 to 1999, as between those years, the number of printing sources like books decreases.All these experts are telling us about the efficiency of IT in our lives, where we are actually becoming more inefficient. Most of the companies and offices are using IT to maintain all their documents, records and dealings. They said that IT is helping them to maintain all the complex works in a simpler way. For example, Apollo Hospital is a worldwide chain hospital, which has opened in to our country rece ntly. An employee of the hospital was asked about the system maintenance of the hospital, and he answered that from the booking to pharmacy billing, every single thing are maintained by the IT system.They have interred linkage within the estimators throughout the hospital, and everything is monitored centrally. All the patients and staff have got different ID IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 5 numbers and servers where all information about them is saved. Then the question arises, what would happen if the system fails for one day? The employee become silent, and says we cannot even think the system failure for one hour, and it is impossible to run a day without these systems.The employee was also asked whether there is manual system, in case of emergency in the hospital, he says no by chance if there is any system failure, nothing can run on that building, patients would have to wait for getting prescription as well as their appointment. He also said that, we are handicapped without technology, as they cannot perform any of the action without computers. Though IT allows them to maintain all the things very swiftly, it also makes them to be dependent o it. The most surprising fact is that, humans invent technology, and now they cannot sustain without the technologies.Nowadays, almost every people confess his or her dependency on IT, while in a survey people of different ages were asked about this dependency, and fit in to the check 7, 62. 5% of the people said that they are dependent on the information technology and figure 5 says that 100% of the people cannot imagine themselves without their cell phone or laptop. So, we can say that IT is making us handicapped, as often we cannot work on their unavailability. The young generations of today are now up to date with all the latest technology available. They are getting dependent, and wasting money to buy different gadgets.Dingle (2010) gathers information from the research firm Gartner, where the autho r piece that Global IT has spent US$1,4 trillion, from where a huge amount of money went for both hardware and software, which in turn helps us by change magnitude the availability of computers in almost every corner of our lives. We are progressing, and new inventions are coming everyday companies like Apple, Nokia, Blackberry and etc. are bestow a lot to serve the necessity of the young generations. Dingle (2010) cites the research of Gartner who expects that the customers will pass by quiet about US$6 billion to get mobile applications.Teenagers and also adults are now using huge amount of money to satisfy their hunger for getting latest technology. As in figure 5, while in a survey, 96. 7% people said that they spend money on IT, whereas only 3. 3% said that they do not spend money for the usage. Many students, who lives abroad, works for hours to receive extra payments, by which they can fulfill their needs. All this factors are pointing out that IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 6 our young generations are getting dedicated towards the IT, and wasting lots of money to get their needs.Computer invention is believed as a revolution in world, it was make for human beings, to make their life easier, faster and more comfortable. Many people believed that before we wasted most of our times by being in a manual system, where as those works can be done within a moment. From figure 7, we can see that 76% of the people said that information technology is making our life easier and faster. Students from different universities and institutes say that without information technology it would be much harder for them to complete the assignments and other research works.These technology are allowing them to communicate experts throughout the worldwide, whenever they need they can go to the web sites and gather their required information. The students argued that, they have lots of works to do, for which they need to be multi tasking. And information technology is giving them a route to be successful in their live. But if we consider about the ancient times, people were also successful at that times, scientists, engineers, researchers also did their challengeable jobs at those times. Without the help information technology, they did work hard and become successful in their lives.Again students said that on that time, life was not that much warring, and for this period and present situation no one can work without the help of IT. While aged peoples said that, young generations do not want to work harder as they can get anything they want within a second. Nowadays it is familiar to get everything done by sitting in a computer, even products can be ordered in internet, so our young generation is becoming lazy and inefficient because of IT. From Figure1 we can see that, 64% of the people surveyed says that information technology is making us inefficient.What is the use of that life, which is making us unproductive to work of our own? Time and tides wait for none, especially in this competitive world of ours, we cannot even think about wasting a single second from our lives. Everyone is in the struggle to do well in their life and in order to get establish, people are getting away from their close ones, sometimes they are going abroad to study or for job. Information technology helps us to communicate with our making loved ones from a long distance, and that is also with a very lower cost.Facebook, twitter, all other IM and video conferencing services do not even let us to feel that we are away from our IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 7 connections. Though it is letting us to communicate freely, it is also hampering teenagers and even the adults. Corbett (2009) concludes the popularity of cell phone amongst the teenagers and young adults. A survey conducted by the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA) amongst 2000 teens, were found that, their parents gave them mobile phone for their safety, and s pecially to be in contact with the teens while they are out of their house.But quiet about 57% of the teenagers said that they use cell phone to communicate with their friends. not only that, the awesome features of taking pictures in cell phone and uploading instantly in Facebook or Twitter is quiet famous among them. Text message and multimedia message are also a very popular way of communicating with peers. Corbett (2009), says about sexting, that is, while in a relation, girls send their nude pictures to their boyfriends, and afterward they break up, the boy upload those pictures on the internet, and in this way teenagers are affected by the impact of technologies.Usually it is seen that, adolescents use IT for most of their works, most of them are unaware of the intentions of their friends, and this is how IT is affecting our teenagers and adults. Lastly, adults and teenagers cannot even think of themselves without their mobile, computers, and all other entertaining devices. T hey believe that, life is becoming so busy, they did not get extra time to communicate with others, and there are also no extra time to play outdoor games, or to hangout with friends randomly.As from Figure 3, we can see that 75% of the people says that they use IT also for their personal purpose rather than academic or officials, and in Figure 4, 82. 5% people said that in this current situation IT is needed in every step of our life. Due to the lack of time, most of the peoples are now relying on the digital form of entertainment. As I have mentioned above that, students are willing to spend money for purchase gadgets for them. Movies, games music is now considered as a form of entertainment. Students are found to do chatting in messenger, while they are in class.In order to get all this facilities they often buy expensive mobile phones. Many people believe that this way of communication is decreasing the intimacy and values between ones relation. Expenditure on the technologies is increasing, which in fact is reducing the development of all other sectors. For example, Bangladesh is a poor country, we have an unequal distribution of wealth, many times higher class people supports the lower class peoples for their survival. But as they are now up to new technologies everyday, they are spending much money for their own.Even the students and IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 8 workers in abroad, they work hard to get all the latest inventions, they are not concern about their future, instead of saving money for themselves they are wasting money by buying devices. We really feel proud to be Bangladeshi, after a long struggle, we became independent, and only within a age of 40 years we developed a lot. May be the development is much less compared to the outside world, but we cannot deny that we recovered a lot.Most of the companies and systems in our country, rather than the public ones are running with the help of information technology. So, I think that IT is taking over humans, by working more efficiently, making us handicapped and also because we love to spend money for it, though it needed in our life for less time consuming lifestyle, for giving more options for interacting on the go, and also for our recreations. Small stores to fine-looking ones are using IT for their convenience according to the example mentioned earlier IT can also create chaos for us.Human being can be find with in a moment, but a system failure cannot be adjust within a few seconds. We need time to fix indisputable types of error. So we can use IT for our convenience, but there should be an alternative for a system failure. If the super shop had a manual operating system, thence that would not cause that much harm to them. Also IT is hampering our young generations, while asking the solution of this problem, 17% people answered that there should be more restrictions on the teenagers, and 83% says that there should not be any misuse of technology, this re sults are shown in Figure 10.We invented information technology, and it is for our convenience. Human being are considered as the most prominent creation of God, no other thing can be compared with us, but all the above research and survey says that people are now getting inefficient. So I think people should use IT, but should not be that much dependent on it that it will be making them handicapped when there are no facility of IT. We should not consider ourselves incapable of doing any work that IT can do for us, it is us who makes computers, and no computer can work like humans.IS IT BECOMING OUR PRIMARY NECESSITY? 9 Reference list Corbett, Don. (2009. ) Lets talk about sext the challenge of determination the right legal response to the teenage practice of sexting. Journal of Internet Law 13, no. 6 3-8. Business germ Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 20, 2011). Internet world statistics (2011) from (http//www. internetworldstats. com/asia/bd. htm). Retrieved 20th march, 2011. Naufel, Karen Z. , Katherine E. Briley, Lacey K. Harackiewicz, Amanda S. Johnson, Kristin P. Marzec, and Michael E.Nielsen. (2010. ) How do Psychology Students Use Web-Based Information? Trends and Implications from a Descriptive Study. North American Journal of Psychology 12, no. 1 1-14. Academic Source Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 20, 2011). Zillion N. and Hargittai E. (2009) Digital distinction Status-Specific types of internet usage Social Science Quarterly, 90, 284. Dingle S. (2010) Clean state Finweek 14-19. Sample questionnaire Name _______________________________ Sex ____________ season ____________ 1.Do you support or like the invention of information technology for communicating? a. Yes- its excellent b. Yes its good c. Yes its needed d. Yes- but it is making us inefficient e. No it is not needed 2. How many times do you use your mobile, email or browser in a day? a. Never b. 1-5 times c. 6-10 times d. 11-15 times e. More than above 3. Do you use technology onl y for official or academic purpose? a. Yes b. No 4. Do you touch that, in this stage of life we need information technology in every step? a. strongly agree b. Agree c.Neutral d. Disagree e. Strongly disagree 5. Do you think that it is necessary to spend money for on the use of information technology? a. Yes b. No 6. Can you imagine yourself without your cell phone or laptop? a. Yes b. No c. No comment 7. What is your idea about the contribution of information technology in our daily life? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ 8. Do you think that you are getting overly dependent of this technology? ____________________________________________________________ __________ 9. In your point of view, what are the impacts of information technology that are affecting our society and the young generations? ____________________________________________________________ _______________ _____________________________________________ ______________________ 10. entrust your suggestion regarding the issue of getting dependent and other impacts of information technology. ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____________________ Thank you for your participation and cooperation Survey result 1. Do you support or like the invention of information technology for communicating? FIGURE 1 2. How many times do you use your mobile, email or browser in a day? FIGURE 2 3. Do you use technology only for official or academic purpose? FIGURE 3 4. Do you agree that, in this stage of life we need information technology in every step? FIGURE 4 5. Do you think that it is necessary to spend money for on the use of information technology?FIGURE 5 6. Can you imagine yourself without your cell phone or laptop? FIGURE 6 7. What is your opinion about the contribution of information technology in our daily lif e? FIGURE 7 8. Do you think you are getting overly dependent on this technology? FIGURE 8 9. In your point of view, what are the impacts of information technology that are affecting our society and the young generations? FIGURE 9 10. Give your suggestion regarding the issue of getting dependent and other impacts of information technology. FIGURE 10

Deterioration of a Relationship Essay

throughout the play, we tooshie determine the titular characters, Juno Boyle and Jack Boyle, relationship deteriorate , and how dramatic events in their lives and the lives of their children, Johnny and Mary, deliver the entire family to collapse.The play is set closely following the signing of the treaty dividing Ireland into sections and features the resulting conflict between the diehards who want a united, free Ireland, and the free-staters, who support the treaty, with this conflict representing the thicket of fanatical nationalism and practicality, of i claimism and a recognition that what the people truly wanted was peace. The play also explores some of the relevant ideas of the time, including the poverty of the working level in Dublin in the 1920s, and how this poverty affected the communities that lived within the tenements of Dublin at this time.In the first act we see a great deal of conflict between Juno and Boyle. The root of this conflict lies in Boyles inability to accept responsibility for supporting his family, as he refuses to seek work and spends his days imbibing with his manipulative, scrounging friend Joxer. Juno is forced to act as wife, m early(a) and sole source of income for the family, the prime motivation for this character being to keep her ragged family unit unneurotic Who has kep th home together for the past few years only me This introduces us very early on to the theme of poverty in the play.The tension in the relationship is directly linked to poverty throughout the play, Boyles lack of responsibility causing conflict between him and Juno when their financial situation is bad. Your unforesightful wife slavin to keep the bit in your mouth We can see OCasey present both the positive and negative aspects he perceives in poverty. We see him contrast the strength and ability that destitution can invoke through the character of Juno, and the pettiness and selfishness that only serves to further the poverty and involve ap art the star of community that collective poverty can create through the character of Boyle.However, the converse of this is also true. When, in the second act, the Boyles become apparently more affluent, we can see a greater degree of tenderness come to the fore of the relationship. The windfall of the get out causes Juno to treat Boyle less as a child who mustiness be nagged and scolded to perform any useful, or at least less detrimental, social function in the family she holds so dear, and more as the head of his family, a role she previously fulfilled. This change in attitude is regarded by Boyle as him merely him finally getting the respect he believes he deserves. Im masther now, an Im goin to remain mastherThis period of happiness is quickly dispelled when it is revealed that Boyle has deceived the family, allowing them to continue to spend money that he knows they do non have and are never dismission to get. This demonstrates to us his inability to accept any form of responsibility and signals the end of the period of good luck for the Boyles and the culmination of the intertwining storylines of the play. In the third act the affection that marks Boyle and Junos relationship I the second act is dispelled entirely, only to be replaced by bitter conflict and the eventual dissolution of their entire family.Throughout the play, Junos main purpose is to support and hold together her family but in this final act all her efforts are worthless as the actions and attitudes of the other members of her family and those around them drag the family incontrovertibly apart. The first factor in this dissolution is Marys pregnancy. This in itself would have a bad effect on the family, with another family member to feed, clothe and menage placing further strain on their finances, but it is Johnny and Boyles attitude to this pregnancy that does the most damage. She should be dhriven from the house shes brought so much shame upon Instead of trying to support his da ughter through this difficult and emotionally strained situation, he instead seeks to drive her from the house and from the family. This angers Juno, and leads her to threaten Boyle that if Mary leaves the family then Juno will follow her, as he is attempting to destroy that which she holds to be the most valuable thing, her family, stringently in order to protect his own reputationHowever, the final thing that convinces Juno the family is irreparably torn apart is Johnnys death at the turn over of his former comrades. This cements Junos decision to leave, she feels justified in leaving with Mary in order to help her raise her child (abortion not being an option at this time in such a heavily catholic country) as she is the only part of her family that is salvageable, with Johnny dead and her convinced(p) that Boyle is beyond salvation. Let your father furrage for himself now Ive done all I could an it was all no use hell be hopeless trough the end of his days. This is the fina l collapse of the relationship, and we see the final outcome of it. Boyle is left unchanged, as the closing scene of the play showing him sitting drunk with Joxer, incognizant to all the dramatic changes in his life,. Juno, on the other hand, is resolute in her changes, she has finally been given the strength to leave Boyle behind and move on, she is able to fuck him for what he is, not a child, as she appears to view him in act one, because a child has promise of maturing, but as a waster who will never change and will never do anything but hold her back.

Competitive strategies government policies Essay

The current and expected government policies and regulations including taxes and regulations in place to address issues related to externalities. Traditionally the government policies towards the surroundings and taxes, has control measures for regulation and legislation. Through your government, the policies are designed to achieve more efficient use of the resources that are made obtainable to the consumers. To promote a substitution between the resources that is present and provides an incentive from the government policy. While the government refuses to introduce environmental taxes so the current taxes are valuing the environment with the understanding of the fundamental problem in setting taxes for the state of Wisconsin.Citizens of the State of Wisconsin, and neighboring states such as Illinois, Indiana and Iowa subscribes to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. It does not matter how massive the crises are related and they are, they derive from the same underlying problem and m ost just want attention. Looking at what has happen in the world this grade alone has made the newspaper industries more popular than ever before. Some citizens have stop subscribing because the news is just to devastating to read and then picture on television.Looking at the current policies and regulatory landscape it has been found that many of the existing FCC policies were created just to address the issues that where inherent by the state. Taxes reduce the issue and raises prices, this alone might have an adverse effect on the consumer. Producers might be able to pass on the tax to the consumer if the demand of the good is inflexible and as the end results the tax many only have a marginal effect in reducing the demand and finial output of the amount of text file that would be delivered each day.As a reminder recent studies show that the current history status of competing newspapers is but not excluding about 100 cities, despite the substantial efforts to protect the co nsumers from a variety of different stories that will be published. American has to remember the first amendment is freedom of speech. If there is a story to be told then please expect to read about it, even if it is not all completely true.

Short Essays on Reading

Inquiry Question Does an online bachelors degree have the same quality as a bachelors degree at a physical university/ college? I am considering a few different professionals when it comes to interviews. One person that interest me is Professor Leonard Albright. This is because he teaches a wide variety of classes, all of which are in education. The other person I cam interested in interviewing is Dan Robinson the director of the education department at CSU.He would be acceptable candidate because he deals with not only students within the department but branches out to other institutions of higher learning. I am also considering talk to a worker at the administration office. This is because they deal with not only incoming students from high school, but also graduate students seeking different types of education. I may also try to find a graduate of both a bachelors degree from an institution and a graduate from an online university. This is because they have first excrete experie nces with the programs.The final person I am interested in interviewing is someone who works for an online education program. They have experience with their online programs, and can give a advantageously detailed input to how their students earn a degree. This list of professionals are stakeholders because they are the ones dealing with higher education, and weather or not they can have abundant eligible students that can take on the real word. To get in contact with these professionals I am going to send out emails of my inquiry question.I impart also explain the project and why it is worth their time to answer a few question I have. Some of the online institutions also have metrical composition where you can reach their workers, professors, and directors. So i will be able to call them asking for an interview. Some of my questions will include the following 1. How many classes/ and or credits does one need to complete to earn a bachelors degree at your institution? 2. Do you notice any positive or damaging effects from any of the classes offered to your students? . Was there any outside factors that drove students to come to this institution? (money, family background ect.. ) 4. Do you believe that the education today in in any case challenging, just right, or too easy for todays graduates? 5. What credits can transfer equally to your university? (i. e online to an actual institution or an institution to online. ) 6. Do you recommend taking college credits online? 7. How many of your alumni with bachelors degrees have an income, or decently paying job in their degree?

Movie Analysis of Gender Stereotyping: Antz Essay

In the movie Antz, we encountered blatant examples of prejudice based on three social classifications race, class, and gender. This movie appeared to be completely unintentional in the portrayal of the stereotypes, yet it is the completely benign nature of their usage which is of interest. Did Dreamworks SKG draw up the plot and characters most these stereotypes to draw the audience closer and encourage acceptance, or are these characteristics so deeply ingrained that they appeared haphazardly? Likely, we will never know, but the appearance of this phenomena is induct for interest.The movie showed instances of gender stereotyping most strongly. Starting with the women characters, there is a laundry list of notable instances, but I will only name a few. We can start with Azteca, Zs friend and fellow worker. While Z is a typical male who is competitive and wants to move up in the world, Azteca maintains a somewhat typical female response. Instead of encouraging him, she tells Z to j ust smile, and happily accept his place, even if it is an awful life where he is to literally digging ditches his whole life. This example plainly highlight the stereotype that women can, in effect, be yes men, the phrase further illustrating the perception of weakness in females. Another time when this theme appeared was when the Queen was talking to her daughter, who was, in an old-school sort of way, betrothed to a man not of her choosing, the general.While the daughter complained, the Queen simply urged her to be complacent, and accept her fate, because it is the best thing for everyone. Another instance, and one which I found particularly hilarious, was the woman wasp(no coincidence there, of course). When Z and the princess were in trouble, she insisted to her husband that he help them, because it was the humanitarian thing to do. It was presented in such a way that harkened to the proverbial housewife image, whereby the female has nothing to do other than take palm of the h ouse and children, and as a pleasant little hobby, helps out humanitarian efforts to do some good for the world.With the men, the images were more plentiful, and more a-typical. The generalwas a macho, power-hungry jerk, a seemingly perfect attitude for a man in this position. Z was, while more timid, an entrepreneur, striving to accomplish something in his life, and managed to become other male hero twice during the course of the film. In the bar, it was the men who started fighting, not women. Again, very typical.As a whole, Antz demonstrated how completely these stereotypes have permeated our culture, simply because, if we had not been watching this movie in an analytical way, the stereotypes would have floated past us, unnoticed.

Scoping and Screening in Environmental Impact Assesssment

AN OPTIONAL screen ON COMPARING AND CONTRASTING THE ROLES OF SCREENING AND SCOPING IN ENVIRONMENTAL trespass ASSESSMENT PROCESS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT COURSE UNIT PLAN60411/PLAN40321 STUDENT ID 8528550 INTRODUCTION Environmental Impact judgment is a taxonomical process that examines, analyses the environmental consequences of development or development action in advance (Glasson,J. el al 2005).It is a logical process for establishing and sustaining an environment of quality by incorporating environmental considerations into finale making specifying and explicate the environmental aspects of development proposals to decision makers indicating ways of mitigation and proffering project alternatives. It involves crucial stages for its optimum desirability and winner these include back and scoping. This paper of discourse will clearly comp ar and contrast the roles of these indispensible tools used in environmental repair assessment process.DEFINATION OF TERMS covering fire is a mechanism which seeks to focus on those projects with potentially significant adverse environmental concussion or whose moves are not fully known. Scoping is the process of identifying from a broad range of potential problems, a number of priority issues to be addressed by an environmental impact assessment. (Wathem,P 2004) SCOPE OF STUDY From the foregoing, we can construe that they are essential stages of environmental impact assessment.Screening and scoping are both preliminary stages of an environmental impact assessment, and executed systematically in stages which must be through in a logical and professional manner, especially in the case of an integrated environmental impact assessment approach. They both have approaches for the scrutiny of a proposed project for consequently crucial in decision making. Both share a major role the execution of a triumphful environmental impact assessment as an effective protection and management tool, as resourceful as possible.D espite what roles they have in common, these components of requisite have distinctive features and approaches in the roles they play in the environmental impact assessment process. Screening is focused on the significance of an impact in the environment, while scoping works on the range of issues to be defined after level of impact significance. They have different approaches to their functionality screening uses the following approaches * Schedule 1 (EU Annex 1) Environmental impact assessment is mandatory * Schedule 2 (EU Annex 2)Environmental impact assessment is discretionary, according to thresholds. * Schedule 3 (EU Annex 3) Further consideration of Schedule 2 projects example environmental sensitivity. The EIA regulations England SI No 1824 2011 While scoping uses * Scoping Checklist * Scoping Matrix * Network programming European commission guidance on EIA Scoping(2001) Screening uses the Initial Environmental Examination or evaluation (IEE) as its checks and balances. On th e other hand, scoping uses Scoping and track/opinion and public input and participation through a Terms of Reference (TOR).Project screening, precedes project scoping. Hence, screening must be carried out before project scoping. It is recommended and not mandatory to public involvement and stakeholders in screening, scoping differing from screening deems it is mandatory and recommendable for public participants to be involved at the stage of environmental impact assessment. shutdown It is usually difficult to overemphasis the roles played by screening and scoping in environmental impact assessment disregardless of how far they are in contrast or how close they are in comparison.What is imperative is that the success of an environmental impact assessment depends largely on how well they are conducted. REFERENCES Glasson, J. et al (2005) Introduction to impact Assessment Routledge, Abingdon, 3rd Edition Wathern, P. (2004) Environmental Impact Assessment, Theory And Practice west Su ssex London diary On Environmental Impact Assessment Training (2002) Topic 4, UNEP

Digital Camera

Technology within the last fifty long time has evolved drastically because of the introduction of computers. This technology remains changing, mostly for the advance as a multitude of human beings and private corporations do their research and development to elevate mankinds way of life into a nonher(prenominal) level of advancement. One most notable change in the hoi pollois everyday lives is the evolution of photography.From bulky cameras, film and hour-long photo development came the instant, flashy, sleek and compact digital cameras that hobo take photographs and fuck store them instantly electronically. This paper provides a critique of Thom Hogans (2009) oblige, How Digital Cameras Work. Catching moments and having a keepsake for it are the main points of why people take a photo. People can be contrived and so, a camera is a gad constitute that almost every household have. However, there are so many people out there who do not have the zest and passion for photography and the science behind it.Majority of users do not understand their digital cameras and the writer, Thom Hogan, wrote the article to help these millions of people to get to know how a digital camera works and it is often not wise to rely on the adverts or express warranty a manufacturer claims, as more often than not, those claims are not true, scientifically speaking. The opening notes of the article says this much and this is a catchy enough way to get caution of veritable(a) uninterested users.The main concern about the article, is that, even though it is written for people without photography background, the terminologies used seem to be strictly for photographers. For instance, a lot of clean users of digital cameras do not know the difference between 28mm vs. a 35mm cameras and the author used the 35 mm term as though everyone would understand what it means. The author could have set up a terminologies page to help the average users understand the article better. That bein g said, this paper shall now discuss the rest of the article.The author tackled first the functions of a cameras sensor. This is of course the silicon chip on a digital camera which has dickens kinds CCD and CMOS. CCD and CMOS are explained by author in the next part which is a smart move considering that this article can be used for basic digital photography and some technical terms must(prenominal) be already infused. CCD, according to the author, is an old technology while CMOS is the sensor of today and this sensor shall be the one referred to for the rest of the paper.The author mentioned one speck that designed a good CMOS sensor and that brand is Nikon. Such mention of brand can raise eyebrows as one would think whether this particular author has been paid by Nikon to advertise the brands sensors on a variety of users, after all, who is better to trust than an expert in photography? Next, the author mentioned photosites within the sensors. Photo diodes are the crystalize sense portion of photosites and they cannot c everywhere the entire sensor as there are non-light responsive spaces between diodes.This didactics by the author can be considered a fair warning to digital camera users. As early as this stage, they know about the limitations of digital photography, that not all sensors are good at sensing light, which is essential in taking photographs. Again, the author endorsed Nikon and Fujifilm cameras as exception to the sensor rule. He describe how certain Nikon and Fujifilm sensors (actually named camera models) have overcome this limitation in digital photography. The author proceeded to describe light and sensors the way a physicist would.This is again more confusing to the average reader or even photography novices. Next, the author mentioned that a camera sees in black and white and he described how cameras produce influence in different ways. The different ways the author described are wonderful insights into photography and it can get users more valuable information on how they would like to use their camera sensors. More people tend to prefer photographs with vivid colour. Lastly, the author described how to get data from the sensor of a camera.Essentially, he told users the more manipulations done to a camera, the more the image gets further from its original form (adjustment of colour, brightness and even simple JPEG conversion). This is another essential information as some user prefer realistic images over bright colours. Overall, the article is highfaluting one, especially for normal, average user with no inkling for photography moreover it provides valuable information to those with photography background and would like to know more about the art.

Research Essay: Obesity & Nutrition Essay

Eating is one of my hobbies. I used to discovered lots of places with special victuals anytime I was free. I remembered my favorite victuals is hot up chicken and cheese sticks. Eating these food day by day made me over charge, and the doctor verbalise I had a heart problem. He said I was lucky because some other citizenry were diagnosed obesity. It took a lot of effort for the obesity slew to model back to the normal weight. the States, where fast food is everywhere with a very affordable price, was one of the most country having a highest rate of the obesity. Although on that point ar some main reasons that lead to serious publications, obesity is not a very harmful thing and locoweed be prevent by ourselves.The first topic will focus on the physical reasons that lead volume to obesity. Environment is one of the most important reason that affects, en heroisms obesity. For example, the tight create schedules leave people no free time to exercise the lack of neighborhoo d side walks or safe places to exercise the lack of access to wellnessy foods perk ups people gain unnecessary fat. Beside, junk food is a major reason, withal. The characteristic of junk food is lots of fat contain, and difficult to digest, which resulted in gaining weight to whom eating it. The last main physical reason is the lack of energy balance. According to the What causes overweight and obesity? article, to maintain a healthy weight, your energy in and out have to balance exactly overtime. lowering and obesity happened over time when you took in more calories than you used.The second topic shows how some mental issues cig aret lead to obesity as well. Some people tend to eat more when they have feeling or stress. There are some certain hormones, that the body released, shadower increase the tendency to breed fat, gain weight when youre in stress. Alcoholism is not only an addiction but similarly a reason that leads to obesity. Any kind of alcohol beverage adds fat m ore to the body. People who drink on a regular basic will have potbelly, and have a high say-so to obesity and heart diseases. The last but no least reason is genes and health problems. In fact, the kernelof fat stored, and where the fat carried in the body are affected by genes. According to What causes overweight and obesity? article, your chances of being overweight were greater if one or both of your parents were overweight or obese.Children adopt the habits of their parents. In addition, there are some diseases from hormone problems that cause obesity, for example, hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid gland doesnt make enough thyroid hormone. Therefore, it will slow down the metabolism and makes the body gain weight quicker. A study in the Hypothyroidism and obesity. Cause or action? article had shown that overall thyroid dys pleasurection was be more in obese individuals with varying degree of significance. About five to ten percent of women of childbirth age were affected by PCOS to gain a high level of androgens hormones, which make people obese.obesity can lead to a major consequence in peoples health. obesity can make a stress on our heart, lungs, and bones. Furthermore, the article Health effects of obesity had pointed out a lot more health diseases that caused by obesity such as high blood pressure, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, pronounce problems, sleep apnea, cancer, psychosocial effects, and so on. Michael Fumento said in an interview of the Obesity article that few fat people really knew how much harm they were inflicting upon themselves, pointing to the mountain of scientific evidence linking obesity with various diseases and conditions such as infertility. The risk of death rises with increasing weight. A study showed that each year, obesity related conditions caused an estimated 300,000 premature deaths in the US. People had diabetes are obese at a rate of over 80 percent.Th e second consequence is that obesity creates the weight discrimination and economic downturn. Society considers that fat people have to take the function for their condition, their body. Therefore, many obese people were treated rudely, courtesy than thinner people. Some are making fun with the body of obese people by calling them fatty, or a rolling bread. The Obesity article had quoted a sentence from Sally Smith, who said fat people were taught to feel guilty and satanic themselves for the failures of weight loss programs, and to expect and accept rejection, mistreatment anddiscrimination regarding their weight.Obesity takes part in the economic downturn, in particular on the U.S health care system. In 2008, the costs of medical care for the obesity in America were about 147 billion. Medical costs are associated with obesity directly and indirectly. The costs come from preventive, diagnosis, treatment services, and also the morbidity and mortality cost. As a comparison, the li fetime costs of obesity provided by the regimen are greater than the lifetime costs assessed by the smokers.Obesity can be reduced and prevent by ourselves through better diet. The best way to lose weight is to reduce the caloric intake. By find out calories, eating good meals, exercising more often, you can control your weight. Vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and fruit are not only contain less calories but also improve ones health condition. Fiber was studied that it could prevent hunger pangs and keep you full longer. There is a collection of excerption such as, brown rice, wheat bread, broccoli, spinach, etc. Dividing your food into five small meals during a day can keep you up with your metabolism and reduce the amount of sugar in your blood. Drinking water is not less important. Ten glasses of water can help you flush out the toxins. Drinking a glass of waer before eating can reduce the hunger.In addition, there are many activities held to courage the obese to have t o better life style as well as some policies from politics with the same goal. There are many weight loss camps achieved for adults and childrens. They can not only retard how to lose weight but also have fun, learn new skill, and gain confidence. These camps empower people to fight against the weight discrimination, support them to stand up and live their own way without feeling depression. dada taxes is a topic which was disscussing these day. If the law was passed, placing a high tax on soda would discourage Americans from down unhealthy beverages, which is a crucial first step toward making the U.S. healthier as a whole, quoted from dada taxes article. Beside, limiting advertises by news or revised rules during television programs may help reducing the childishness obesity epidemic.In conclusion, obesity is not a problem that can be solved in a short time.The reasons that cause obesity come from many perspectives, genes, health problem, environment, daily diet, and so on. The effect of the obesity is now increasing more than the past that gains many problems for peoples health as well as the countrys economic. People bring themselves to obesity and only them can get themselves out of it. With the help from many resources, they can acknowledge themselves to prepare a better meal. The community and government also help the obese people by organizing a lot of weight loss camping, and bring in new law to prevent the incresing of obesity. Theres nothing that can stop you being a better person. All you need is resolve, commitment that you want to get rid of fat, and you can do it. flora CITEDHealth Effects Of Obesity. Stanford Hospital & Clinics. Stanford hospital & clinics, 2013. Web. 08 Dec 2013. Med, Saudi J. Hypothyroidism And Obesity. Cause Or Effect? NCBI. subject area center of biotechnology information, 29 Aug 2008. Web. 08 Dec 2013. Obesity. Issues & Controversies On File n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 9 May 2003. W eb. 8 Dec. 2013. Soda Taxes. Issues & Controversies On File n. pag. Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 18 Dec. 2009. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. What Causes Overweight And Obesity. NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NHIBL, 12 July 2012. Web. 08 Dec 2013.

An evaluation of the impact of social policy in relation to childhood poverty since 1997

IntroductionThis essay considers the effects of political relation constitution on electric s buzz offr me daterness since 1997. This date represents both a high and low point of the war against kidskin pauperism. On the unriva guide hand, distress and inequality were at their some serious in post-war history, with over unmatchable in tetrad children living in relative pauperism on the other hand, it saw child penury tote up into focus like never before, leading to the development of some of the most ambitious new targets, the most notable of which was the commitment to on the whole eradicate child poverty within 10-20 years (Hills and Stewart 2005). All policies essential go through several stages, c on the wholeed the polity unit of ammunition. There argon numerous different conceptions of the insurance polity cycle, for each one with meagrely different stages. This essay will concentrate on the four main ones ag force outa ambit (problem identification), po licy formation, policy implementation, and post-policy evaluation. The chronological sequence of the policy cycle given above provides the rough well-disposed system for this essay however, on occasion policies are discussed with reference to all stages of the cycle. This essay begins with a apprise emphasise section in place to frame the discussion. It concludes by arguing that on the whole politics policy has been relatively successful in combating child poverty across the policy cycle, notwithstanding that on that point are several areas of weakness requiring make betterment.The notion that child poverty should be a major area of brass policy is relatively modern. Historically, children watch tended to fall under the care of the immediate or extended family, or under unusual circumstances someone entrusted with their care from the community or friendly group of the parents. However, this norm has been revised in recent years, leading to a change in the effective defi nition of compassionate, which has been expanded to include care by cordial workers, nurses and doctors, nursery assistants, teachers, and others (Eisenstadt 2011).The very concept of poverty itself has excessively varied enceintely over time. The important cornerstones of modern policy related to mental and psychological upbeat are fairly recent in origin. By contrast, Victorian campaigners against child poverty focused on bodily, or physical, problems, as embodied in the halt by ragged and starving children. By the mid-20th nose potbellydy many other issues were in vogue. For example, child poverty began to include deficits of education caused by socio-economic problems and learning disabilities. It to a fault began to take into account genial ills such as exclusion, asylum look onking, and refugee status among children. In 1997, poverty establishment policy since the late-1990s has incorporated all these elements (Eisenstadt 2011).Prior to 1997 childhood has been desc ribed by some as a policy free zone (Eisenstadt 2011), where goals and objectives were largely hidden from view, being established primarily in self-assurance by outside experts. Since then, however, there is a strong consensus that in the early stages of the policy cycle the political sympathies has been successful in its approach to child poverty. Agenda setting in particular has been on the plagiarise perhaps since the early- to mid-1990s across many departments and in the core of government. For example, policy debates need been a regular situation on many topics regarding child poverty, including cash incomes and services, as wellspring as long-term factors underlying mischief and survival chances for children. This represents an impressive degree of cross-policy linkages in the governments approach.Moreover, it is argued that this has translated into concrete results in policy damage. As Bradshaw and Bennett (2014 5) put it the use of targets has been prolific, with tho se on poverty and social exclusion some of the most high profile. This hire is well- comported by the evidence, and several prominent cases can be cited. Take, for example, the commitment to reduce relative child poverty by 25% by 2004-5 and by 50% by 2010-11, as well as to completely eradicate it within twenty years (by 2020) or more pessimistically to be amongst the best in Europe (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014 6). The latter is among the most enduring of government promises regarding child poverty. Additionally, there is the so-called neighbourhood replacement scheme, which laid out the governments intention that within 10 to 20 years no one would be seriously disadvantaged by where they live. Bradshaw and Bennett (2014 7) contend that such targets (for example, in the annual luck for All reports) involve the political sympathies holding itself to account in a style that few predecessors keep done.This suggests that at the level of agenda setting there has been considerable success in combating child poverty, but there are similarly many omissions in the way the government has approached important issues. For example, child poverty mightiness arguably have suffered as a result of the conspicuously small bit of targets for overall poverty reduction, as the two are strongly interrelated. It is too questionable whether the targets and agenda setting initiatives have translated to policy formation (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014 Lupton et al. 2013 Hill and Stewart 2005). Before proceeding to discuss this issue, a note of caution should be issued about the usefulness of policy in the first place. Lupton et al. (2013 17) highlight some of the issues inherent in policy commitments They note, for example, that goals are in actuality mere promises, or claims, which are unenforceable in both trust and theory. Moreover, it is promising under many circumstances that these will be causen by ideological agendas, which will settle change according to which party is in power, and be more or less shaped by the legacy inherited, the particular problems of the moment, or fiscal pressures. They whitethorn be more or less distinct and discernible. Un readd goals, some of which later become apparent from internal documentary evidence and politicians or well-bred servants Lupton et al. (2013 17). Indeed, it is for this reason that scholars working in this field tend to evaluate what Lupton et al. (2013) call realised policy preferably than policy in a broader sense (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014).There is evidence that this concern that is, ostensible policy not translating into realised policy has characterised often of the governments approach to child poverty, rending it unsuccessful to a degree. For instance, it was only in 2012 that the (Social Mobility and) Child Poverty Commission was appointed. This meant that the body could not be consulted prior to the upshot of the Child Poverty scheme for 2011-14. This contravened the governments s tatutory commitment and can be seen as evidence that policy has not necessarily been realised, to use Lupton et al.s (2013) terminology. Importantly, this had concrete implications for the Child Poverty Strategy for 2011-14, which was widely criticised from not laying out in exuberant detail that actual means by which policy objectives would be achieved (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014).There are other reasons to believe that agenda setting so out-of-the-way(prenominal) has lacked specificity regarding how it will deal with child poverty. This conclusion emerges through a close examination of the policy statements of government publication and the results following from these policies. For example, the Department for Education posts a statement on its website reading Poverty, as mensurable by a households income relative to the national average, is often a symptom of deeper, more complex problems. Many of these problems are passed on from one generation to the next. As Bradshaw and Benn ett (2014) note, the background section state that one of its primary aims is reducing poverty in all its forms, and references social injustice, but does little to straight address the issue of child poverty. The website for the Department for work and Pensions does likewise, noting the existence of a child poverty strategy and the Positive for Youth Report (2011) but failing to specify what this entails in terms of policy (Bradshaw and Bennett 2014 lumber and Parton 2009). This shows that to a certain(a) extent there has been a disconnect between the early stages of the policy cycle (agenda and target setting) and the later one (policy formation).It can also be argued that the governments approach to dealings with child poverty has been inadequate at the level of policy formation. There has tended to be a great deal of emphasis on the idea of supporting(a) unemployed parents to work in order that they may better support their children. While this is commendable in several obv ious respects, it also has shortcomings. Bucci (cited in timber and Parton 2009), for example, emphasises the importance of internal factors in childrens lives and downplays the external factors that are usually emphasised by officials and practitioners of policy. This suggests, therefore, the comprehension of many more lot in the work force might actually worsen poverty of a social and emotional kind by depriving children of their parents for extended periods.Another strategy employed to end child poverty has come in the form of the Sure Start Centres, the stated aim of which is to improve the outcomes for all children (Department of Education 2008). However, the attention paid to child poverty specifically was conspicuously lacking. For example, the first brief concentrated on the objective of helping prevent family breakdown and promoting readiness for schools, which only has an indirect turn in to child poverty and arguably should not have been prioritised over alternatives , such as the provision of monetary support. In addition to the educational component, the Sure Start programme is largely geared around encouraging more parents to work. The government places the promotion of employment and education at the centre of its child poverty policy, as revealed in its description of Sure Start as a cornerstone of the Governments drive to tackle child poverty and social exclusion (Department of Education 2008)This is supported by a number of groups, including the Institute for Public Policy look for, which argued that social inclusion is best promoted though enhanced employment opportunity and that poverty and deprivation in childrens families and in their neighbourhoods is associated with their performance at school (Oppenheim, 1998 113, 139). There is also support for this policy direction from the European Commission (2014), which argued that the most important priorities for reducing child poverty are to improve access to affordable early childhood e ducation and care services and to support parents access to the labour market and make sure that work pays for them (European Commission 2014). It might reasonably be claimed, therefore, that while the policy locution as regards child poverty is indirect, its efficacy in ameliorating child poverty is supported in the literature. This gives credibility to the Sure Start programme, which represents not just successful policy formulation but also the successful implementation of policy initiatives (Lupton 2013). The noticeable educational values among children and young people reflect the efficacy of these policies, and it has been argued that they show the success of child poverty reduction measures. For example, results in national tests at 11 and 16 indicated great usefulnesss and few people were leaving school with no qualifications by 2010 (Lupton 2013). Socio-economic gaps were decrease across all indicators incrementally at age 11 and then more distinctly at age 16. Larger number remained at school after the age of 16 and more went to higher education. Socio-economic gaps in HE access also closed slightly despite concerns to the contrary (Lupton 2013).On the other hand, it has also been argued (e.g., by the European Commission) that the UK has so far not done enough on these fronts in order to combat child poverty. This suggests that while policy formulation might therefore be on the practiced track, the implementation has not yet gone far enough (European Commission 2014).On the whole, policy formulation has generally been lauded. Education Maintenance Allowances, for example, have complemented the Sure Start programme discussed above. More important have been the tax and benefit reforms, which Hills and Steward (2005) argue have reduced child poverty quickly enough to give the Government a good chance of hitting its 2004-05 targets. This is a dated analysis, but it indicates that in the decade after 1997 policy was relatively successful. The import ance of changes in incomes for parents and their children, moreover, is borne out by the Families and Children Survey, as well as other interviews conducted in low-income areas (Hills and Stewart 2005). Nevertheless, while there has been a fall in relative child poverty between 1996-7 and 2002-3, and falls in deprivation and child-related spending by parents, the UK is still some way behind the EU average (Hills and Stewart 2005 also see European Commission 2014)There has been considerable search into the effect of Labours efforts to alleviate child poverty, primarily because they have been in office for much of the period and have been the main drivers behind such initiatives. The Labour governments record has been coercive on many fronts. Health is closely related to poverty, and in these terms the life expectancy of children rose, with infant mortality declining and illness declining, between 1997 and 2010 (Vizard and Obolenskaya 2013). This is supported by Stewart (2013), who has noted that for young children in particular outcomes as a result of Labours policies improved markedly, with higher employment rates for lone parents and less mothers drinking and smoking during pregnancies (the tangible impact of this is reflected in a fall in low birth weights among infants) moreover, the improvements here were concentrated among the lower socio-economic groups, which suggests relative poverty declined (Stewart 2013).For older children and young people, results in national tests at 11and 16 showed substantial improvements and hardly anyone was leaving school with no qualifications by 2010. Socio-economic gaps closed on all indicators gradually at age 11 and more dramatically at age 16. Greater proportions stayed on at school after 16 and went to higher education, and socio-economic gaps in HE access closed slightly despite concerns to the contrary (Lupton and Obolenskaya 2013).Some particular shortcomings of policy have been highlighted by the research, howe ver. For example, research into child poverty arising from neglect and disgust has revealed policy failure at all levels of the policy cycle. The neglect, abuse and eventual finis of Victoria Climbe in 2000 is a good example of a policy failure in the period under consideration (Forest and Parton 2009 Laming 2003). Older children have often been classified as hard to help and failed by agencies, while long-term neglect cases have on occasion not been properly contextualised in terms of past events in childrens lives. Additionally, there has tended to be an overreliance on universal or adult social service for physically injured children rather than the more appropriate children social care. As Brandon (2008) notes, these are ruminative of policy failures in this particular area at the levels of formation, implementation, and post-policy evaluation.At the final level of the policy cycle, evaluation, there has been some criticism of policy. In particular, March and Fisher (2005 4) highlight strong melodys for the development of the evidence base, and for shift social services towards an evidence-establish approach, instead of its historic reliance on an authority-based approach. These arguments run similarly to those suggesting that healthcare ineluctably more of an evidence-based approach (for example, the 1997 report for the DH on R&D in primary care) (Forest and Parton 2009). In this respect, it could be argued that policy has been less effective than it might have been because the research driving it has been conducted in the wrong way. It might even be said that improvements in this area required looking to the past As marshland and Fisher (2005 5) put it Despite this lack of strategy, social work research has occasionally made a significant impact. They point to the example of the childcare research programme that was shaped by the DH during the 1980s. This led to a cogent set of policies on many critical issues and helped to make policy more focuse d on relevance and practical matters.. Nevertheless, this did not address the question of the infrastructure for research relevant to social care (Marsh and Fisher 2005 5).In a sense, these failures of policy at the final stage bring the argument full circle back to the level of agenda setting and policy formation. Marsh and Fisher (2005) and Morrin et al. (2011) see the issue as a lack of a strategic framework, which impedes agenda setting from the outset and prevents re-evaluative improvement at the end. The fact that no publicly funded research body is in place makes this more difficult, and the overplus of relevant bodies has not so far offered a unified voice that could command widespread support. undecipherable academic roots complicate the process (Marsh and Fisher 2005 15). It might be argued that this comes down to the problem that social care does not exist as an independent academic discipline (Morrin et al. 2011 Forest and Parton 2009).In conclusion, it can be said tha t the impact of government policy on child poverty has been mixed. On the one hand, many important and varied issues, ranging from education to financial hardship and psychological trauma, have been brought under the government remit. This represents a success in terms of agenda setting. A large number of influential programmes have taken form across the spectrum, and these have been implemented with reasonable success in many cases, as indicated by the fact that child poverty has declined since 1997 by nearly 10 percent (Forest and Parton 2009). To a certain degree, it is too early to tell whether evaluation has been successful. There have, of course, been various shortcomings such as the inability of policy to adequately protect abused children. Detractors have also claimed that policy, despite being relatively successful, has not been based on evidence. In the end, the record of government policy is generally good, although there is clearly scope for improvement going forwards.Re ferencesBradshaw, J. and Bennett, F. (2014) Investing in Children Breaking the cycle of disadvantage A Study of National Policies The joined Kingdom, European Commission http//www.york.ac.uk/inst/spru/research/pdf/Naps2013Investing.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Brandon, M. (2008) Analysing child deaths and serious injury through abuse and neglect, Centre for Research on Children and Families http//www.uea.ac.uk/centre-research-child-family/child-protection-and-family-support/analysing-child-deaths Retrieved 22/06/2014Cleaver, H. and Walker, S. (2004) Assessing Childrens Needs and Circumstances The Impact of the Assessment Framework, capital of the United Kingdom Jessica KingsleyDepartment for Education (2008) Sure Start Childrens Centres good for your child and good for you http//webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130401151715/http//www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/Surestart/Page1/DCSF-00787-2008 Retrieved 22/06/2014Department of Health (1997) R&D in primary care, London The Stationery OfficeEuropean Commission (2014) Investing in children http//ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1060&langId=en Retrieved 22/06/2014Eisenstadt, N. (2011), Providing a Sure Start How Government Discovered Early Childhood. Bristol Policy PressForest, N. and Parton, N. (2009) Understanding childrens social care politics, policy and practice London SAGEHills, J. and Stewart, K. (2005) POLICIES TOWARDS POVERTY, INEQUALITY AND EXCLUSION SINCE 1997, Joseph Rowntree Foundation http//www.jrf.org.uk/publications/policies-towards-poverty-inequality-and-exclusion-1997 Retrieved 22/06/2014HM Government (2006) work in concert to Safeguard Children A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children, Nottingham Department for Education and Skills http//www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/youth-justice/improving-practice/WT2006-Working-together.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014HM Government (2004) Every Child Matters Change for Children Programme. Nottingham Department for E ducation and Skills www.everychildmatters.gov.uk Retrieved 22/03/2014Laming, H. (2003) The Victoria Climbie research https//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/273183/5730.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Lupton, R., Burchardt, T, Hills, J. Stewart, K. and Vizard, P. (2013) A Framework for Analysing the Effects of Social Policy, Centre for compendium of Social Exclusion http//sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/spcc/rn001.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Lupton, R. (2013) Labours Social Policy Record Policy, expending and Outcomes 1997-2010, Centre for Analysis and Social Exclusion http//sticerd.lse.ac.uk/dps/case/spcc/RR01.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Marsh, P. and Fisher, M. (2005) Developing the evidence base for social work and social care practice, Social Care Institute for Excellence http//www.scie.org.uk/publications/reports/report10.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Morrin, M., Johnson, S., Heron, L. and Roberts, E. (2011) CONCEPTUAL impaction OF ESRC RESEARCH CASE STUDY OF UK CHILD POVERTY POLICY, Final Report to Economic and Social Research Council http//www.esrc.ac.uk/_images/Conceptual_impact_study_report_tcm8-18146.pdf Retrieved 22/06/2014Stewart, K. (2013) Labours Record on the Under-Fives Policy Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010. Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper. London CASEVizard, P. and Obolenskaya, P. (2013) Labours Record on Health Policy Spending and Outcomes 1997-2010. Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper WP02. London CASE