Movie - Good Night and Good Luck Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

celluloid - Good Night and Good Luck - Essay ExampleDuring the 1950s, totalitarianism was evident in the governing body rule as they exercised absolute power without justice. The authorities held absolute control over the private and ordinary social activities (Linz 234). The authority utilize propaganda as a way of manipulating and instilling ideas into peoples minds. The semipolitical leaders used to act charismatic, creationly displaying emotions of kindness, generosity, and love for the people. The authority created slogans and policies that would instill fear in the public ensuring that people do not stand against the organisation. Those who tried to oppose these actions were called traitors, communists or simply disloyal. The government used secret campaigns like storm troopers to eliminate opposing subjects through covert methods like arranged accidents (Lewis 74). tyranny ruled as the governments disregarded any consideration for public accountability, thus maintaini ng one-party state. People struggled to antagonistic this aspect of totalitarianism by using mass communication. Journalists portrayed the negative side of the government. The government, on the opposite hand, claimed that media was nothing but profit hungry machine. A segment of the population even started believing it. The government kept pressurizing TV networks to change the news and alter words to fit their criteria. This is evidence that the media is a force to be reckoned with and its fear pressurizes the government to exercise utilitarianism in order to prevent dissent (Hans Maierc 104). The governments also carry through that this tool can be used in their favor. In Good Luck and Good Night, the media aims to break off governments corruption. The iconic journalist, Murrow is one of those aiming to expose the government and perceives the acts of the government as deceitful and manipulative (Griffith 116).

Case Study on Boeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study on Boeing - Essay Example1. Boeing Corporations forwarding looking grocery store strategy is base on assumptions about the air travel market and the equipment (aircraft) needed for continued growth. Boeings projections assume that the legitimate return of aircraft impart need to be upgraded and retained or replaced. The current fleet consists of 17,330 aircraft. By 2025 the fleet will have an estimated 35,970 aircraft consisting of 27,210 bracing or alternate aircraft, and 8,760 retained aircraft. Future growth and the need for replacement aircraft will drive the aircraft manufacturings competitive market (Showronski, p1). Boeing will need to be able to provide new aircraft that are both efficient and economical. Boeings new large aircraft segment is marketing both one and two aisle airplanes with the focus on the new 747-8 Intercontinental and 747-8 Freighter aircraft. This is in contrast with Boeings point to point strategy that focuses on smaller aircraft tha t serve the purpose of moving people and cargo from one point to another alternatively than to a central location where cargo and passengers would deplane and board a smaller plane to pass their destination (hub and spoke strategy). Boeings successful market entry of their 747-8 Freighter and 747-8 Intercontinental aircraft prove that Boeing can fence in the larger aircraft market. Boeings first customer was Lufthansa who ordered 20 of Boeings 747-8 Intercontinentals (Showronski, p1).Boeings success, using the point to point method of getting passengers to their destinations, is based upon the idea that passengers prefer the shorter travel times that point to point service offers. Boeing offers the airline industry aircraft that are best conform to to point to point travel. These aircraft are typically larger than those used in the in the typical point to point market. Boeings current strategy includes gaining a large portion of the projected 2.6 trillion in airplane investment o pportunities over the next twenty dollar bill years (Showronski, p1). Boeings leadership believes that by entering the large airplane sales and service market they are positioning themselves to be leaders in the industry by providing an aircraft that will best meet the needs of customers. Boeings current strategy also includes continued sales and service of five other sizes of aircraft to serve the point to point market. It is hoped that crew cuts will continue to choose Boeing aircraft as aircraft of choice for their business. Boeings five sizes of aircraft are designed to meet all aspects of the point to point market with carriers that have 200 seats up to carriers that seat 467 passengers. Currently Boeing is the only one in its industry with an airplane that can carry more than 450 passengers at a time (Point-to-Point, 2006). The 747-8 is used primarily by carriers that offer long range high density routes (Point-to-Point, 2006). The 747-8 is designed to be a replacement for ripened 747s that will be phased out of service during the next twenty years (Point-to-Point, 2006).With Boeings entry into the large carrier market came requests for an airplane that was environmentally friendlier than its previous airplanes. The 747-8 was created with environmentally friendly features. The 747-8 uses less fuel and produces lower speed of light dioxide emissions (Point-to-Point, p2). Also, the 747-8 makes 30% less noise on take-offs (Point-to-Point). Because Boeing

Social Media in Brand Management and Brand Research Paper

Social Media in Brand Management and Brand - interrogation Paper ExampleHowever, the disposal has commonly embraced the use of, facebook, Google and mobile applications as its major marketing bring (Evans, & McKee, 2010).Weinberg (2009) argues that H & M netted a huge number of followers on face-book through its publication, which states that nodes put forward easily get a quick response on their inquiries posted on the cull out page. Moreover, the giving medication has gone a notch higher by integrating their face-book onto other international languages. For instance, the H & M organizations face-book is intercepted by the local Chinese social platforms Youku and Sina-Weibo hence making it easier to market the organizational products through varied languages internationally. Besides, H & M has drawn a pool of over ten million fans on its face-book fan page though promotional post by encouraging customers to earn more rewards from the purchases. The above tactic enables H & M to improve on its sales volume that later translates to higher organizational turnouts. Besides, the organization runs a promotion that requests customers to post images on H & Ms fan page to succeed a variety of festive prices. The above consideration is a great deal that aims at displace more attention of customers towards the organizational products. A good example is the hashtag HMBikeStyle. Looking at the social lieu of popularizing H &M through facebook, the organization has made much fairness by allowing people across different classes, age and cultural backgrounds within the society to have equal position towards the realization of the organizational brands.Despite the fact that facebook plays recommendable role in H & Ms marketing, its service provision is never maintained all the time thus making it difficult to give instant answers to the customers. Besides, the sales person is not in a position to meet customers directly thus making it harder to determine custome rs

Analytical Comparison and Contrast Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical Comparison and Contrast - Coursework ExampleHere, the ar twainrks, The glowering Boy, an oil paint by doubting doubting Thomas Gainsborough, and Pinkie, a portraiture by Thomas Lawrence, are made substance abuse to compare, under the subject Two artists conceptions of a single theme. Thesis statement Analysis of similarities and differences between two Art workings to attain an inference on the very(prenominal) by considering the artists, the viewers, and related facts in history or nine (special references to the artworks The Blue Boy (portrait), by Thomas Gainsborough, and Pinkie (portrait), by Thomas Lawrence). Analysis The analysis of the artworks The Blue Boy( See appendix -1) by Thomas Gainsborough, and Pinkie( See appendix -2) , by Thomas Lawrence is based on the following factors like the artists, assessment as a viewer, and other related facts in history or society, and strictly based on similarities and differences. I. Artists A. Similarities One can easily make a number of similarities between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important similarities. First of all, the set-back names of the artists (Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence) are similar. Besides, both the artists made use of the same medium to express their creativity (say, oil and canvas). Both the artists were British citizens, who primarily focused in portrait painting. Within their lifetime, they were considered as far-famed portrait painters in Europe. As pointed out, they made use of oil and canvas as their medium, which was most adequate for portrait painting. Both the artists transformed their personal interest (say, drawing/painting) into their career as painters. B. Differences There subsist a number of differences between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important differences. Thomas Gainsborough was born in Sudbury. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol. Thomas Gainsboroughs return was a weaver by profession, but Thomas Lawrences father was an inn keeper. Before proper a landscape painter, Thomas Gainsborough was a landscape painter. James Ernest Thorpe states that The Blue Boy was often belief of as Gainsboroughs greatest painting (435). Later, he turned to portrait painting. But Thomas Lawrence was rattling interested in portrait painting. Thomas Gainsborough completed the painting The Blue Boy in the family 1770, but the portrait Pinkie by Thomas Lawrence was completed in the year 1794. Thomas Gainsborough wed Margarett Burr and had children. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was hale to be a lifelong bachelor. Besides, he was forced to lead an unhappy personal life. Thomas Gainsboroughs portrait painting helped him to keep himself away from stinting problems. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was forced to face economic problems in his life. II. Assessment as a viewer A. Similarities When one tries to assess the artworks The Blue Boy and Pin kie, one can easily identify a number of similarities. Some of the most important similarities are pointed out below. First of all, both the works are portraits of youngsters booming with energy. The medium made use by the painters is similar, i.e. oil and canvas. Both the paintings are in brief owned by The Huntington (museum/ art gallery) in California. Both the paintings are from England and are considered as best examples for portrait painting in Europe. Besides, both the artworks are considered as showpieces at The Huntington. As these portraits are exhibited in the same gallery, most of the viewers consider that these works are completed by the same painter. The position of the youngsters (models) in the portraits is helpful for the viewers to have clearer look on their faces. Both the works give

Project Management (budget part) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Management (budget part) - Essay congresswomanThe research seeks to address how a eatery can install tabs as a strategy of part customers and at the same time, improve the output per person and profitability.Cost analysis will help us generate the current position of the headache funds and the effect that will result when the project is in progress. Essentially, information on the strengths of the undertaking, weakness as a result of internal systems, and benefits of the final implemented course of instruction will provide the most reliable information in project management. Usually, management considers the payback pointedness in which the business enterprise will recover the amount invested in the project.In the current damage analysis, we include the balance sheet of the restaurant so as to establish the current finances purchasable in the business. The values one incorporates in a balance sheet are derived are the motley balances on the trial balance. The values re flect the balances of various assets and liabilities.The balance sheet shows that the financial position of the restaurant is at a plausible position. The average value of the current assets for the four consecutive years is at $ 46, 000. However, in this analysis, fixed assets will not facilitate the decision of either to implement or throw off the project. The reason is because fixed assets are none trading but only assist the management to measure the degree of insolvency. The data below represents the balance sheet of current funds available originally the business implements the project.The income and expense analysis shows the budget that the business has met in a period of one year before implementation of the project. The data in the statement shows that in the previous years, the restaurants sales were $ xcl 000, $ 260 000, $ 355 000, and $ 482 000. More so, the average gross profit for the restaurant was $ 226 000. In evaluating the expenses, their value is below that o f the revenues hence

International Terrorism (FALN) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Terrorism (FALN) - Essay ExampleThe FALN was intimately sprightly during the seventies and 1980s, but their activities have drastically declined in the last two decades. In the FALNs Communiqu 1 of October 26, 1974, their Central bidding states that they have been advocating an armed revolution since 1969 for the purpose of eliminating yanki colonialism from Puerto Rico, by committing acts of violence in the US and against US interests in Puerto Rico (Puerto Rican Armed Forces of National Liberation, 1974, p.2). The reference to yanki colonialism refers to the capitalistic dominance of Puerto Rico by the influence of the US economy. At this time they acknowledged the bombing of major US corporations, as well as bombings of section stores and the Newark NJ Police Department in the spring of 1974. By late 1979, the FALN had become Puerto Ricos most world-shaking terrorist group and according to Francis (1979), About 75 actions and at least five deaths resulted from F ALs sic terrorism, the most solid being the Fraunces Tavern bombing in New York City on January 24, 1975, in which four died. In 1977-78, FALN carried out nineteen bombing actions in the continental U.S. (p.14). The decade of the 1980s would see an increased visibleness of the FALN as they continued their untrained movement advocating independence for Puerto Rico.The 1980s would see the FALN become the most impending terrorist organization in this hemisphere, but by the end of the decade they had subsided in their activities. In March of 1980, FALN terrorists seized the friar preacher Republics embassy in Bogot Columbia and issued a statement threatening to attack nuclear power plants within the US (Sater, 1981, p.vi). Through the 1980s, the FALN worked with other Latin American terrorist groups and struck targets throughout the region, in Puerto Rico, and on the US mainland. In the 1980s the FALN claimed credit for more than 100 bombings at mainland train stations, airports, an d multinational corporations as well as US government installations in Puerto Rico (Morris, 1995, p.57). In 1980-1981, several key members of the FALN were arrested and convicted of multiple serious federal crimes that resulted in their incarceration for as long as 50 years (Kushner, 2003, p.129). During 1982 and 1983, the group conducted sporadic bombings, most notably the 1982 New Years Eve attacks in New York City (Kushner, 2003, p.129). After further arrests in 1982 and 1983, and a 1985 raid on FALN headquarters in Puerto Rico, the activities of the FALN almost completely subsided (Kushner, 2003, p.130). During their period of activity, the FALN was blamed for nearly cd bombings, 18 deaths, and millions of dollars in property damage (Hewitt, 2000, p.28). The FALN is noted as being one of the most violent organizations to ever operate on the US mainland. MembershipAn evaluation of the FALNs membership includes the numbers, their motivations, and the outside influences that fac ilitated their activities. During the FALNs most active period, the membership rose to well over 100 active members, and retained a membership of approximately 120 members after the arrests of the 1980s (Hewitt, 2000, p.33 Kushner, 2003, p.1

Happy Days Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Happy Days - Assignment ExampleAdditionally, the improved economic conditions catapulted umteen Americans from low class to medium income earners. Most families could afford a car, and top of range products such as fridges, televisions among others. It is also worth noting that 50s marked an era of tremendous growth in the housing industry as well as transport infrastructure and networks. The increased number of affordable houses and high quality thoroughfare networks made life easy for Americans. On a different note, entertainment became entrenched in spates lives hence improving social life for Americans. Most significantly, Americans were banging high quality of life compared to numerous countries in the world. This made Americans feel at the epitome of the world.However, not everybody enjoyed the happy moments. An appreciable portion of Americans was already on their old age and had suffered the aftermath of World War II making it difficult for them to enjoy the 50s. Additio nally, political critics and conservatists spent more time critiquing the government instead of taking advantage of the overwhelming opportunities nowadays during that time. Left behind were the uneducated citizens, and African Americans who could not fit in the job market. Without a substantially source of livelihood, such groups could not enjoy the benefits of 1950 era. However, the 50s was by general means, good moment for

What is the relationship between happiness and meaning Why Essay

What is the relationship between happiness and meaning Why - rise ExampleIn modern times, a parallel to this view becomes most apparent in the philosophic works of Victor Emil Frankl, MD. PhD. Dr.h.c.mult., the most renowned Austrian psychologist.Suffering was the force that strengthened his personality and enriched his component part with such grit that he evolved as an individual who retained the ability to get hold and express mania towards mankind. The three years he spent in Auschwitz, Dachau and other concentration camps in the Nazi Regime, rescue inflamed his spirit instead of quelling it, thereby transforming him into a most resolute and positive homo being. The conscience of most men would have got distorted by what he underwent but Frankl resurrected from the grueling go steady and emerged as a person who found meaning by surviving a terrible experience. He had rendered his services as a professor and director in many medical schools and universities including Harva rd. He had to a fault been bestowed with honorary doctorate degrees by 29 universities and has also won several awards. (Life and Work). Frankl had authored a number of books and articles, which were translated in 32 world languages, but the one that is most relevant to the topic is Mans essay for Meaning An Introduction to Logotherapy, published in English in 1963.Frankls approach of existentialism is establish on three philosophical and psychological concepts Freedom of Will, Will to Meaning and Meaning in Life. (What is Logotherapy and existential Analysis?). He promotes the idea that valet can exercise free will to mold their lives, and a person who possesses wisdom that comes from spirituality has full control over how his life shapes up. This ability further equips humans to identify their purposes and to achieve the goal. Those who do not apply their wisdom in understanding the objectives of their life feel that their basic existence is meaningless because searching and fi nding the meaning of being is the

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 33

shield Study ExampleThe company is a trade leader in home care market and individual(prenominal) care market that includes products such as deodorants, antiperspirants and contend cleansing products. According to the company website, Unilever is pitch at working with integrity and making positive impact in the society through managing all(prenominal) environmental impacts in edict to attain long-term goal of developing a sustainable line of descent (Deighton 2).For decades, Unilever described itself as a company with local roots and spherical scale and eleven of its confidential information brands that include Lipton, Omo, Dove and Blue Band earned over $ 1 billion in annual revenues. Unilever was $ 50 billion in annual revenues, but its competitors such as Nestle had $ 69 billion, Procter and risk had $ 68 billion while Kraft Foods had $ 34 billion. The company operated in all continents and decentralization of operations enhanced diversity, but led to challenges of cont rol. Although some brands attained high market share, the company lacked a global identity thus leading to the Path to Growth strategy of 2000 that aimed at cutting down the 1600 brands to cd brands that would become the Masterbrands. The shifts to Masterbrands aimed at decentralization and global vision that would ensure cooperation across all geographic markets (Deighton 4).In the 1980ss Doves advertising highlighted the functional benefits such as avoiding of dry skin and marketing slogans referred the brand as moisturizing cream. Dove was selected to be a Masterbrand in 2000 in personal care categories such as hair care products, body lotions, hair styling products, facial cleansers and deodorants. Although the advertisements focused on the functional benefits, the communication had to shift to cater for the numerous categories and thus Dove would stand for a visor of view.In 2004, Unilever recognized the need to position the brand according to consumers point of view in order to attain high brand

How does military-based Virtual Reality treatment for PTSD differ from Essay

How does military-based Virtual Reality give-and-take for posttraumatic stress disorder differ from commercial treatment for accidents - Essay Examplely heal from after they return home, however for well-nigh it is a difficult situation for them to understand and they may begin to catch challenges within the inaugural month. PTSD can be difficult to determine according to many experts because the emotional anxiety may not be much different from what a person would experience on a daytime to day basis. The normal distress of having more bills than money to pay them can result in some forms of anxiety. When it becomes more serious an individual may be going thorough flashbacks when a sound or smell triggers their anxious behaviour. In order to understand PTSD most people will have to go through a very detailed evaluation by a medical master key in order to discover whether they have the disorder or whether their anxiety is normal. In PTSD trauma is present when in that respec t was a death or near death experience and there will be certain symptoms that go with it that include1. Re-experiencing can happen when the individual replays get off the ground of the trauma or experience with very strong emotional reactions. Their thoughts may be reliving the former(prenominal) action. This re-experiencing can happen during a nightmare or during the day.There are many ways to diagnose PTSD and this is always done by a healthcare professional, preferably a psychiatrist, psychologist or a clinical social worker. These mental health professionals must be trained in the diagnosing of psychological problems (National Centre for PTSD, Fact Sheet 2). Some of the assessments that are used include the Clinician Administered PTSD shield (CAPS) and The Structural Clinical Interview for PTSD. These are common tools that make evaluations more secure when talking with people who come back from traumatic events.There are a variety of traditional treatments for PTSD that tw o the military and commercial hospitals use to assist patients with this disorder. Experts agree that one of the ways to treat it is through psychotherapy. The therapy of plectrum is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Structured essay on a comprehensive Marketing Plan to Promote YHA

Structured on a omnibus(prenominal) Marketing Plan to Promote YHA Australia using UKs Back Packers as market target - Essay instanceCheaper flights and favourable exchange rates have encouraged the tremendous growth of this market with more than four hundred 000 backpackers expected to visit Australia in 2002. (Macbeth and Westerhausen, 2003) Backpackers hold special potential for regional Australia. Already, backpackers make up more than half of all international visitors and visitor nights in some parts of regional Australia. Their tendency to mold farther afield than other types of tourists is reflected in the fact that backpackers visited an average 10.6 regions in Australia during 1995-96, comp ard with 2.7 regions for all visitors. However although backpackers atomic number 18 visiting up to four times more of Australia than other types of tourists, large sections of regional Australia continue to be bypassed altogetherThe marketing strategy for backpacker tourism is compo sed of four strategies promote quality tourism establish upon maximizing income from tourism through a value-volume strategy (i.e. relatively lower growth in arrivals, however targeting higher-spending visitors) reducing seasonality repositioning Australias image as a destination, with greater emphasis on experiences linked to the islands environs and cultural heritage, marketing Australias diverse population as a a mosaic of nature and culture, a whole, charming world concentrated in a small, warm and hospitable island in the Mediterranean at the junction of three continents, between West and East, that offers a multidimensional, high quality tourist experience. Tourism Australia has been active in this segment for a number of days, and is building on past experience to continue to develop it. place in this segment now will provide substantial returns in the future as the backpackers of at present are likely to become the returning high-yield target markets of tomorrow. Backp ackers area unique tourism segment. Their characteristics are as follows there is an evident and strong social interaction among backpackers, the existence of backpacker enclaves, the relatively prolonged duration of most backpacker journeys compared to the conventional tourist trips), and the inviting traits of a classic anthropological subject, rites of passage. Parallel with the growth and enlargement of the phenomenon itself, research into backpacker tourism has grown dramatically too, and a noteworthy share of that research has been conducted by means of ethnography, while a large share of the remainder display much influence from ethnographical methodology. The author has been part and parcel of this development as he, since 1990, in total has conducted more than two years of ethnographic fieldwork among backpackers and has published several papers on the ethnography of backpackersINTRODUCTION Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world, accounting for 11.7 per cent of world GDP, 8 per cent of world export earnings, and 8 per cent of employment. This mobility affects near everywhere, with the World Tourism Organization publishing tourism statistics for over 180 countries (WTO 2002). Almost no countries are not significant senders and receivers of visitors. Internationally there are over 700 million legal passenger arrivals for each one year (compared with 25 million in 1950) with a predicted 1 billion by

Factors that influence the effectiveness of teamwork in clinical Essay

Factors that influence the effectiveness of teamwork in clinical settings - Essay ExampleCompetent leading communicate clearly to team members, regardless of the instructions they cerebrate to pass across (Leonard, Graham & Bonacum, 2004). Team leaders with effective communication skills also have appreciable proficiency. An effective team leader is ready to listen to information from other team members to ensure sensible decision-making.Building commitment begins with the ability to trust other team members and have self-confidence. The quality of team members and leaders to embrace commitment is important in providing a unified set of goals that directs the clinical team members. aboard giving direction, commitment is a quality that motivates the entire team, and individual members. Moreover, commitment enhances team responsibility and all-encompassing participation among team members, hence promoting cooperation (Tost, Gino & Larrick 2013, p. 1). Committed team members in a clinical working surround make independent and rational decisions that contribute to team success. Commitment among team members can withstand pressures during trying conditions of service that may be challenging.In the healthcare sector, commitment mainly occurs when team members share comprehensive patient care goals. The common confidence in a team and its belief that has the best way generates commitment (Reeves, Lewin, Espin & Zwarenstein 2010, p. 1).A flexible individual possesses the ability to maintain an attitude that is open to criticism and accepts each erroneous conducts. Flexible team members can accommodate varied personal values and be undecided to ideas. Team members who possess the trait of flexibility are reflective, self-knowledgeable and honest (Mickan & Sylvia 2009, p. 1). Team members who lack flexibility, however, fail to picture the diversity of personal and professional values. Consequently, they risk making judgment according to their value systems wit hout

Nationalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nationalization - Essay ExampleNationalization also occurs if there is a change in government and the political ideology of the government demands a dramatic change in the soils economic policy. Many times nationalization has been used to promote industries in the artless which cannot be made dependent on foreign companies as they cater directly to the tidy sum. For example, after independence from British rule India nationalized its steel industries although it took help from Russia to build steel plant in Rourkela and Bhilai.The most principal(prenominal) reason of foreign intervention is the geopolitical and economic interests of powerful states. The interventions dont necessarily pull in to be of military machine nature. Economic sanction is a weapon often used to punish the agricultural for being too closed for foreign companies. Recently U.K. has imposed economic sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear programs. other countries are to follow soon. Another case of geop olitical interests is Iraq where the allied forces invaded on the pretext of Weapons of Mass Destruction. moreover even after the Hans Blixs report on absence of WMDs, the allied forces continued their operations. Many people argue that the main reason behind the invasion was oil.In a similar manner integrated interests influence foreign policies of a country. China has been very interfering in the internal matters of its neighboring country Nepal because of the corporate interests. Nepalese market is flooded with Chinese goods. Corporate interests may not lead to military invasions but they certainly influence countries to adopt protectionist measures. Ideological interests in democracy are also as major factor which leads to interventions. Human welfare is also cited one of the major reasons but there is spacious debate about the authenticity of such claims. While U.S. intervention in Iraq was justified for removing

Compensation & Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Compensation & Benefits - Essay ExampleIncentive remuneration and benefits trick an important role in making a company achieve higher levels of employee productivity. Compensation is star of the major motivating sources behind employees productivity and if a company offers attractive benefits for its employees as a proceeds of their individual performances, the employees become motivated and inspired to do more for the company. Therefore, we can say that employee productivity like a shot depends on the remuneration and benefits being offered to them by the company.Companies use compensation and benefits programs for various reasons. Some of the major reasons for implementing compensation conceptions include hiring and retaining talented employees, increasing moral of the employees, promote the performances of the employees, achieving quality in every business activity, encouraging employees loyalty with the company, reducing the turnover, and making the employees satisfied wi th the company. These were some of the reasons of why companies design and implement different kinds of compensation and benefits programs for the employees.There are some important factors, which need to be considered while designing and implementing a tight-laced compensation and benefits plan in a company. These factors play an important role in the successful execution of a compensation plan. If a company wants to develop a compensation plan for its employees, it needs to fulfil into consideration these factors in order to get desired results from the plan. If any of these factors is overlooked, the compensation plan will non be able to produce expected results for the company. Some of those factors include organizations culture, statement of plans objectives, linking performance to organizations goals and objectives, needs and demands of the employees, discrimination, employees

Analyzing Level of Development in Hong Kong Essay

Analyzing Level of Development in Hong Kong - Essay ExampleIt is of fascinating to see how Hong Kong has risen to bring to pass an economy that is now ranked along with the big wigs of fully developed countries.Development in this consideration is the maximum utilization of the resources within a given area or country(Haq, 1995). There are quaternate universally accepted indicators on how well developed a country is which can either be based on economic factors such as GDP, GNI and PPP, or socio-indicators such as availability and efficacy of public services, provision of health services, accessibility of education among others (Haq 1995).Over the past century to date, Hong Kong has come a long way, for in the nineteen thirties she would have been categorized as an underdeveloped economy. By the sugar of the Second World War, Hong Kong was still a British colony. On the 25th December 1941, Japan seized her, and sedulous the country until August 1945. At the time of the occupati on, the Hong Kong economy suffered a great setback. There was rapid rising prices and severe food shortages since the Japanese were preserving food for their army. In this harsh environment, there was little economic harvest-feast fostered, with advances coming almost to a standstill. In addition, the official currency, the Hong Kong dollar was outlawed and replaced by the Japanese forces Yen. By 1945, the population of Hong Kong had shrunk by half, down front the pre-occupation number of 1.5 million inhabitants (Tsang, 2004).In recent years, Hong Kong has set about challenges and drawbacks at a national level that have had negative impacts on her economy. In 2003, there was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which led to a drastic decrease in the number of transnational tourists and a fall in the price of property by 66%.. The bird flu pandemic (H5N1), which had broke out on a full scale approximately the same time, but had been around for years led to t he loss of poultry and chicken by the millions(BEAPA,2008).Another recent setback to the increment of the Hong Kong economy was the Asian financial crisis that occurred between the late part of 1997 and earl 1998. There was a collapse in the stock markets of some south East Asia, Hong Kong be one of them leading to a sharp depreciation in the value of their currencies. These had been preceded by the devaluation of the currencies of the economies involved. It took a while for Hong Kong to regain her momentum from this impediment (Gary,2003).factors that have worked in Hong Kongs favor towards developmentThere are several factors that have fostered Hong Kongs rapid economic growth, one being that the Hong Kong market is friendly and liberal, thus she is quick to adapt to changes in international marketing trends. Her banking system has a rock solid base, she carries minimal public debt and sufficient foreign exchange reserves. These factors are coupled with a strong legal system an d a staunch stand taken in fighting subversion (BEAPA, 2008). She has benefited from Chinas joining the World Trade Organization in that the latter markets her as a growing commercial-grade hub with an amiable business environment,

Project management and control - the topic is up to you Term Paper

Project concern and control - the topic is up to you - Term Paper ExampleIn all this report is a detailed, comprehensive instruction set of what to plan for and how to plan for it. Introduction This is not a small project. The epoch for lodging, the number of field visits and the probable number of partakers argon all quite excessive for a frequent university industrial visit. Meeting the requirements of organizing and managing the activity are not a job for a team of a few race. From the administration executives to the student organizers everyone has to fascinate involved if we want this event to be successful. In add-on to this we have to connect to a lot of professional individuals and organizations, and work in tandem with them to manage the occasion. provided if the planned event gets to completion without any major hitches it leave behind certainly go down the score book of this institution and perhaps into nigh local newspapers as well. Goals and Tasks There is a wea lth of objectives from an faculty member standpoint that can be achieved by the organization of this trip. An obvious one is giving the students, and the faculty for that matter, a chance to bring fun and pragmatism into their standard faculty member curriculums a chance to link the foreign world to the sober and unidirectional outlook of the scholarly learning process. So building students interest into their academic curriculums and letting them experience and see and take interest in their potential future roles in society. The hunting lodge wants to make an effort to make this kind of trip an annual event and push the administration of the university to subjoin its focus on allowing the students to form a link between industrial practices and their scholarly knowledge. This trip will be a chance to acquaint the students with professional life. These professional lives are important for the students because they are of people from the students future professions. Students ca n only wonder roughly what would become of them once they graduate until they have seen it as clearly as the organizers of this trip want them to see. Many students will have a chance to advert with people who were once in the students place and who the students might aspire to be like in the future. non all aspects of professional life the students get to see will be uplifting though some will be but the important thing is that all will be very align and relevant. The participants will be acquainted with standard industrial practices that are common to all industries wherever the students go in the future, like the implementation of Standard Operating Procedures at work sites. The students will also get to see what these SOPs are for companies of their particular fields. Similarly the participants of the trip will gain knowledge or so how issues in industrial processes are identified and dealt with, what kind of problems can and do arise and the universal principles and tricks of the mint that are always to be kept in mind. We want to show the academia what the common industrial processes are in the local industry, what operational standards are used around the world and how machinery and services are acquired and maintained and where their academic curricula may be lacking in terms of stressing on industry-relevant topics and complying with the level of technical advancement in the industrial work place. For students of engineering and other technical disciples it will be a chance to examine the machinery they might want to study about in their course curricula and research about like piping and flow

Happiness Essay Example for Free

Happiness EssayNowadays, people talk a dispense about cheer they even write tens and hundreds of books dealing with this concept from a philosophical perspective in order to find its relationship with daily look. Unfortunately, there are always controversies about the nature and profligate of en rejoicingment is it health, love, money, job, or success? In fact, felicitousness poopnot be reached as a treasure such as gold or silver because it is more expensive than all that brings you wealth. In other words, delight can be considered as a diamond in the depths of sea that needs a knowing diver who looks at life from a realistic corner with plenty of hope and enthusiasm. Sometimes, we just sink that happiness is a sense of inner joy that could be easily reachable by scheduling our souls and regulating our moods in order to feel happy in every occasion no government issue how small it is. In fact, it will be good if people try to acquire the habit of enjoying things end- to-end their lives by opening minds and taking every single minute to laugh and feel good. Happiness can be found by reading the beauty of the world through a rose blooming, a green carpet of grass, a child playing innocently, or even a bird singing.Our mistaking to ourselves as humans could be the most dangerous threat to our happiness. We will be happier if we look intimate ourselves for innocence and spontaneity because it will be a good start to get back the exquisite smile that we used to have as children. If we look to happiness as a concept, it will be hard to reach on the other hand, if we look at it as a set of teensy habits, it will be easily reachable. But this happiness will remain a concept if we do not separate it from pride and vanity.People all over the world are looking for the writer of happiness or sadness, but they could not identify their roots accurately. Human beings tend to believe that happiness will knock on their doors when they achieve success, or sad ness will cross their path when they insure a failure. Unfortunately, life is not that easy. There are many people who feel sadness despite the achieved success and wealth, and there are also those who feel happy despite the failure they are termination through.The real happiness is the nner one that remains with you no matter what failure you have experienced in the process of your life. Maybe money and success make your life easier and more comfortable, but the feeling of happiness is utmost from being got through the use of external things. The road to this attractive concept is mainly establish on the inner ability of human to control and guide their souls throughout their good and bad experiences in life. The psychologist Ed Diener states when describing happiness Happiness is a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive emotions than contradict emotions. (Diener, Chapter 1).When talk comes to happiness, people always associate it with getting what they thin k they want from life. In my point of view, happiness can be reached not because we get what we want, but because we concentrate our focus on what we get temporary hookup forgetting about the rest of things we still need. At this point, happiness gives you the initial step to start your path to be happy, and it is your choice to pursue this feeling or just stop it on the road and kill your joy by negative thoughts.In fact, happiness depends on the human personality because of the simple reason that or so people have tendency to look at the empty half of the glass without taking in consideration that the other half is full. At this stage, people have to take a moment to unstrain and remember that their glasses are half full, and they just should enjoy their happiness the longer they can. Thus, by ever-changing our view of life we can feel happiness as long as we are alive, because life is not worth feelings such sadness and caution.To conclude, we may be happier when we realize t hat happiness is not a package that comes from the sky, but a moment when we should enjoy what we have and chase all what gives us feelings of fear or negative emotions. Because happiness comes from the inside, we should build a strong foundation on which we can tally to achieve external goals. This way, we will be able to enjoy our present and build our future far from troubles that stop us to take risks and accept their results.

Teenager Substance Abuse Essay Example for Free

Teenager ticker Ab intention EssayFor jejuneness leaders, this is a study of a teenager who has a substance affront problem and was released from a detention center. It involves a seventeen old male who abuses marijuana, alcohol, and ecstasy and is also the news of two ministers. This story should help readers understand the dynamics involved with a teenage drug exploiter and will also help youth leaders develop effective skills for arrive at out to a troubled teen in need of support, especi whollyy after incarceration. A seventeen-year-old male, jimmy, lived in a middle-class suburb. Jimmy was referred to me by his sister, ecause she felt my knowledge and past experiences might be helpful in reaching him. Later on I decided to meet and conduct an interview at his house, with his sister empower in an adjacent room. During the conversation, several facts emerged. Jimmy had been in trouble with the legal system, mostly for drug bullheadedness and motor vehicle infractions . He said he had been kicked out of high educate because of his drug use. He had been using alcohol and marijuana since he was more or less 13. He had more recently been taking ecstasy.When asked wherefore he utilize drugs, he claimed it educed his boredom and provided a modal value to escape and do fun. Additionally, it was discerned that his father worked great bits (in the mental health field), and was basically absent from the family. Later, I learned that his father denied his sons habits. The family, which also includes a younger 16-year-old brother, had gone to see a therapist but Jimmy was an unwilling participant. Jimmy noted that he does have a problem with authority figures, like the constabulary, because he believes they are corrupt.Jimmy did admit that police have a Job to do, in terms of protecting slew rom harmful practices. Jimmy also realized that there are consequences of drug use and that he was headed for a state prison house sentence if he did not impr ove his actions. He learned that his mother could be arrested under law of nature if he had drugs in her house this bothered Jimmy. I researched about what state prison was like and told him all about it. Throughout the intervention, then I listened and affirmed the young man without condoning his bad expression. In the end, I gained his trust and told him that his personal olfactionings would be kept confidential.I recommended that Jimmy be areful when he with his peers, and I further him to select a friend who would help hold him accountable. I shared my phone number with him. Jimmys behavior improved. The relationship between teens and drugs has been around for decades however, this is not what you would call positive. Substance abusing (which is using drugs or alcohol in ways than can cause physical harm) is often associated with crime. But why do youths take drugs? early days take drugs for the following reasons social disorganization, peer pressure, family factors, emotio nal, or rational choice.Social isorganization deals with drug abuse to meagreness and disorganized urban environment. Drug use by youth minority group members has been tied to factors such as racial prejudice, low-esteem, social status, and stress produced from environment. The National Youth Survey found that drug use tends to be higher among urban youths. problem was bad and the police officer and teachers that worked at my high school had no idea whatsoever what was termination on right under their noses seriously, I remember people at football games found this place behind a shed where no one went and they utilize to smoke and do drugs, it was bad.But of course no one could say anything about anything they saw otherwise that person will get death threats and get their tires slashed in the parking lot and have to go to homecoming fearing for their life. Like one time I remember this girl said something and everyone in the school hated her and she was instantly unpopular. So yes there is a huge drug problem and acquiring students to rat each other out is so not going to happen. In a consummate(a) world by chance, but in the real world, not a chance.Jimmy is a classic fiber of a lonely teenager who is never with his parents and is basically always hanging out ith his friends which are a very bad influence. The pattern that I recognize from Jimmy is that he has been wanting to get his parents perplexity and the only way he gets it, is by consuming excessive alcohol or illegal drugs. Teens feel alone at home and family. They look for something attractive that pleases them. They dont get enough attention from parents. They were not used to get enough attention when they were kids. But when they were kids there were a lot of childish things that could make them busybodied and temporarily happy.But when they reach 14, those things can ot attract them anymore. They still suffer from lacking of attention and the things that could be a relief for them, have lost their attraction. So they look for new things. Definitely these new things cannot be found in family. They are already disappointed about family. Parents should be trained and educated about these things. They should know that all of these problems come because of lack of attention from one or both parents. One hour attention to children and teens saves hundreds of hours of therapy in future. It prevents a lot of problems that addiction is only one of them.By interviewing Jimmy I found that teenagers see taking / using drugs are Just a way of teenage-hood, most youth will try some sort of drug, maybe Just to try it out or maybe for a reason. This teen said he has taken drugs because it was something to do, and everyone else around him was doing it and it was seen cool to take drugs and that it was a way to escape from the real world. Interviewing Jimmy was very interesting because I could sort of relate what he is going through from when I was in high school. Luckily Jimmy is acting on time ahead he goes to the wrong path and becomes a failure in life.

The various market entry strategies Essay Example for Free

The various trade place entry strategies EssayResearch ObjectivesThis research is undertaken to identify, analyze and evaluate the various grocery store entry strategies in globular merchandises. Specifically, the research provide examine exporting, franchising, acquisition, nuclear fusion reaction, wholly featureed subsidiaries and go hazards. Further more(prenominal), the research allow for in any case analyze entry strategies implemented by a number of multitheme corporations operating in distinct industries. Finally, the research will conclude with the factors that need to be examined and investigated in the lead entering a global market. prevalent IntroductionMultinational firms deciding how to enter or operate in a global market must c arefully and precisely take into consideration many an(prenominal) critical factors including the topical anaesthetic anesthetic tune surroundings in addition to the firms own core competencies. An entry mode is defined by Wild Wild (2012) as the institutional arrangement by which a firm gets its products, technologies, piece skills, or separate resources into a market. (Wild Wild, 2012, p.358)Wheleen Hunger (2010) utter that research had indicated that growing globally is linked with the organizations profit business leader. This means that firms who are looking for ways to increase their long-term profitability, are immediately looking for profitable and appropriate markets to bid their products and or services. A firm give notice select from a number of strategic options the well-nigh appropriate method for entering a global market or establishing production plans in other nation. Zekiri Angelova (2011) argued that Firms that want to internationalize must decide on a registration mode of entry into a outside(prenominal) market in order to make the best engagement of their resources. The age of globalization has both(prenominal) facilitated and necessitated businesses to move toward s the internationalization of organizations of all sizes. (Wood and Robertson, as cited in Zekiri Angelova, 2011, p.573).There are many different modes of entering into foreign markets. Each mode has its strengths and weaknesses in general terms. However, Zekiri (2011) explained that each atomic number 53 multinational firm would be more attracted to a type mode depending on their backgrounds, nature of the phoner, strategic objectives as well as the resources. In many cases, there are many obstacles that companies have to run while deciding to enter other markets, for example safety, milieual, packaging, labeling, patents, trademarks and copyrights, are factors that businesses depend on being thriving. Moreover, It should be utter that the local business environment in terms of governmental, technological, levelheaded, environmental, and ethnical factors should be deeply raftvass to assess the attractiveness of the target market. This argument is also supported by Zekir i Angelova (2011) as he stated it is difficult to understand the business environment in a country without studying the current political system and institutions, government policies, and a variety of data and other information on the countrys economy. (Zekiri, 2011, p.573)Kotler Armstrong (2008) as well as Chung Enderwich (2001) explained that some of the benefits associated with operating on international basis are the increase profits and sales growth, the chances of achieving both economies of scale and location economies. Zekiri Angelova (2011) also added that many firms are operating on international basis for better opportunities and profit potential in e get together markets such as (India, China, brazil nut and Russia) As globalization now is fostering international operations as nations are being more open to trade and foreign investment opportunities.Global Market Entry Strategies Advantages and DisadvantagesExportingAccording to many researchers including Wheleen Hu nger (2010), Kotler Armstrong (2009), and Chung Enderwich (2011) exporting is one of the virtually basic and simplest entry strategies as it minimizes the risk and experiment with a specific product. Shaver (2009) defined exporting as the production of goods at home that are sell in foreign markets. (Shaver, 2009, p.1047) in other words, products are shipped from the home country to other countries for market. Wheleen Hunger (2010) stated that the follow could either choose to handle all critical functions itself or could contract these functions to export centering companies.The main benefits of exporting are its simplicity and low cost of investment and risk. Consequently, exporting could be seen as the first entry method utilise by organizations in order to obtain knowledge of the foreign market. Other advantages of exporting are increased utilization of the domestic plant, thus using idle skill and reducing unit costs by dint of economies of scale. Exporting also helps in diversifying markets, which reduces the companys motion picture to domestic demand asymmetry.On the other hand, the separates of exporting include noble transportation fees trade barriers, tariffs, quotas, and problems with local agents. In addition, exporters have lower control of distribution and local agents. Moreover, Shaver (2009) noted that companies engaging in exporting could face the potential risk of exchange rate fluctuations, and could be subject to custom duties and taxes in the importing counties.Zekiri Angelova (2011) although exporting costs are relatively low compared with the other entry methods, to enter and gain these markets exporters usually incur costs to gain exposure, set up sales and distribution networks, and attract customers. Furthermore, cultural barriers could forces companies to modify or redesign their products including labeling and packaging for the purpose of meeting consumers preferences/tastes and local requirements. From on own regis ter of view, which was not discussed by any of the previous authors and researchers, is that exporting is hindering a firms ability to tenderly respond to the changing needs of target consumers.FranchisingFranchising is one of the global entry modes that has been widely utilise as a quick method of global expansion, most notably by multinational warm food and retail chains such as (KFC, McDonalds, Starbucks). According to Wheleen Hunger (2010), under a franchising savvy, the franchiser offers rights to another party to open a retail store using the franchisers name and operating system. In other words, by the payment of a royalty fee, the franchisee will obtain the major business know-how via an agreement with the franchiser.Franchising is most commonly apply in a number of Ameri jackpot service industries, such as McDonalds, KFC, and Starbucks etc. from an own point of view, franchisers are constantly demonstrating their ability to adapt and modify their product go to suit l ocal tastes and preferences. This is especially true in McDonalds, which offers different menus in different nations. McDonalds carry is still internationally consistent, but service staff and menu choices can be modified to local needs. According to Roland Berger Tata strategic management group (2009) McDonalds in India was able to create localized products where it did not serve hamburger meals as some religions in India prohibits the consuming meat. Instead McDonalds served vegetarian and chicken meals that gained the favorability of most Indian consumers.Holmes (2003) stated a major disadvantage associated with entering global markets via franchisee agreements. Firstly, he stated that franchisers faculty find it difficult to manage a large number of franchisees in a variety of national markets. The major issue in franchisee agreements is that product and service lumber in addition to promotional messages among franchisees will not be consistent or similar from one market to another. Another major disadvantage discussed by Wild Wild (2012) is franchisees can experience a redness of organizational flexibility in franchising agreements. Franchise contracts can restrict their strategic and tactical options and they may even be forced to levy products by the franchisers other division. Dahlstrom, Duncan, Ramsay, Amburgey (2004) explained that when PepsiCo used to own the global fast-food chains Pizza Hut and KFC, it used to force franchisees to sell its beverages to their consumers which gained the criticism of many franchisees worldwide.AcquisitionsAs Wheleen Hunger (2010) explained a fast way used by heavy multinational corporations in different industries to operate into a desired and profitable global market is through purchasing another company already operating in that area. One of the benefits that he clearly discussed is the synergistic benefits could be acquired if the firm acquires another company having strong complementary product lines and a good distribution network. Lahovnik (2011) argued that acquisitions have been the most popular growth strategy for decades in the US economy.He explained that the 1990s and 2000s also featured a markedly increased volume of European mergers and acquisitions. Economic growth, deregulating and the development of the common European economy accelerated the acquisition process in EU countries. He also noted that the number of acquisitions has also risen in economies in transition. Horizontal acquisitions are the most popular and most frequently pursued acquisition type. From the strategic perspective, the key questions are whether and how an acquirer will restructure the company, and how this will contribute to the acquired companys competitive advantage.For instance, According to UPI (2012) Boeing is continuing to advance its defence reaction logistics support portfolio with the acquisition of California fraternity Miro Technologies, a Boeing supplier. UPI (2012) further explains that Miro was a in camera held software company specializing in enterprise asset and supply chain management maintenance, repair and surpass services and performance-based logistics management. It will become part of Boeings Global Services and Support business within Boeing Defense, quadriceps and Security. Boeings services and logistics business has grown significantly in recent years and Miro has been a trust technology partner during that conviction. (Parasida, as cited in UPI, 2012)Specifically, the acquisition expands GSS product offerings for linking and fusing data from existing systems to improve commissioning readiness and to reduce sustainment costs. Some of the major advantages that acquisitions provide to multi-national firms are the following. First, Riley (2012) stated that firms could have quick access to resources both physical and human as well as potential skills and competencies. Secondly, economies of scale could be achieved which helps spread the risk th rough wider range of products and greater geographical spread. However, from an own point of view, the main drawback of acquiring other companies from a different nation is the clash of cultures.From instance, when Wal-Mart decided to enter the European market through Germany it acquired two German retailers however, the two acquired companies had a totally different corporate culture which prohibited Wal-Mart from integration its corporate culture into the newly acquired companies. Therefore, from an own point of Wal-Marts entry in the German market through acquisition could have been more successful if Wal-Mart carefully studied the various German retailers and suitably chose a profitable German retailer that is characterized with a culture that is not highly differentiated from Wal-Marts corporate culture and can be integrated easily into Wal-Marts. Also the acquired companies should have given Wal-Mart a unique opportunity to effectively compete with the aggressive competition in the Retailing industry and offer a unique and innovative value proposition that is not offered by others.MergersAccording to Investopedia (2010) In the fine sense of the term, a merger happens when two firms, often of about the same size, agree to go advancing as a single new company rather than remain separately owned and operated. This anatomy of action is more precisely referred to as a merger of equals. Both companies stocks are surrendered and new company stock is issued in its place. For example, both Daimler-Benz and Chrysler ceased to exist when the two firms corporate, and a new company, DaimlerChrysler, was created. Schamotter (2012) stated that the mergers could benefit both companies in various ways. Firstly, A merged company can reduce many of its expenses. Budgets for things like marketing might be shared, while the new, larger company enjoys greater purchasing power, which lowers the costs of raw materials and other necessities. More often than not, a merger i ssuances in staff layoffs as positions become redundant in the new single entity.Merged companies can also share office space and eliminate geminate manufacturing facilities. Secondly, Schamattor (2012) explains that by merging, the new company is theoretically provided with access to more customers. This is true if the individual companies had been demonstrably successful in separate markets, as opposed to roughly equally competing in the same one. For example, according to the BBC, the merger of the German automaker Daimler Benz with the American automaker Chrysler Corp. allowed the new company, Daimler Benz, to access markets in both Europe and northeastward America. Merged companies can offer a greater range of products and services. Because these may be complimentary, the merged company may be able to capture more consumers than they would as individual entities. Moreover, the research firmly believes that merged companies can access a diversified set of intellectual detonat or through different human skills and competencies that could be used as a platform from continuous innovation and new product development.On the contrary, mergers could harm both companies if a clash of culture does exist. Just like acquisitions, a firm merging with another firm from a different culture could lead to decline in the firms performance, unsatisfied employees, and more importantly loss of shareholders value and decline in the market performance. These arguments are supported by both Wild Wild (2012) and Chung Enderwich (2011) as they both argued that lack of cross-cultural competence is the barrier to an effective and long-term mergers.Joint VenturesIn some situations or circumstances, many multinational firms prefer to share ownership of an operation rather than complete ownership. Joint ventures differs from mergers in the sense that in joint ventures a separate company is created and jointly owned by two or more independent entities to achieve a common business g oal. The partners could be private firms, government agencies, or earth companies (companies owned by the government). For example, BP was forced according to the law in Egypt to form a joint venture with the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) has made our joint venture, GUPCO, an industry leader and one of the largest anele and gas operations in the entire region. Moreover, BP Egypt has another joint venture with United Gas Derivatives Company (UGDC), owns and operates the largest natural gas liquids (NGL) plant in Egypt.Wild Wild (2012) discussed some of the advantages of joint ventures. First, they argued that companies do commit on joint ventures to reduce risk. In other words, a company can use a joint venture to learn about the local business environment before operating solely. Secondly, they argued that companies can use joint ventures to penetrate international markets that are other wise off limits. Some governments do design and implement laws that force fo reign companies to share ownership with domestic firms.Finally, a company can gain access to another companys international distribution networks through the use of joint ventures. (Worley Worley, 2012, p.374) Among the disadvantages of joint ventures, conflict of ownership might arise between the two parties. Also Worley Worley (2012) added that conflict can also arise from disagreements over how future investments and profits are to be shared. Secondly, they are stated that loss of control over a joint ventures operations can also result when the local government is a partner in the venture. Where governments could decide to nationalize the company and takes full ownership of the venture.ConclusionTo conclude, the choice of the entry mode has many important strategic implications for a firms long-term operations. Firms do spend a large sum of money and devote much of their time in determining the most efficient and effective way to enter the desired global market. From an own po int of view, which is also supported by the work of Worley Worley (2012), Zekiri Angelova (2011) and Kotler Armstrong (2008) one of the critical activities that needs to be conducted before the entry choice is to analyze and evaluate both the opportunities and threats present in the local business environment of the host country.The culture, which is the set of values, beliefs and norms greatly differ from one country to another and could negatively or positively influence the firms performance. Wal-Marts failure in Germany was the result of the lack of intercultural competence. The political and legal environment could serve as an opportunity or threat for a specific firm. For example, political instability in a target market increases the risk of investment. Certain import regulations such as high tariffs, or low quota limits can discourage a firm to export its products to this country. Also local satisfy requirements by governments could force multinational corporations to us e local resources which might not be meeting the quality standards.Bibliography1- Wild, J Wild, K. (2012). International business the challenges of globalization. (6th ed.). London Pearson Education 2- Wheleen, T. Hunger, D. (2010). Strategic management and business policy. (12th ed.). newly Jersey Pearson Education 3- Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of marketing. (12th ed.). New Jersey Peasron Education 4- Shaver, J. (2011). The benefits of geographic sales diversification how exporting facilitates capital investment. Strategic Management Journal, 1046-1060. Retrieved from Ebscohost research database. 5- Zekiri, J. Angelova, B. (2011). Factors that influence entry mode choice in foreign markets. European Journal of Social Science, 4(22), 572-584. Retrieved from Ebscohost research database. 6- Roland Berger Tata Strategic Management Group. (2009). India opportunities challenges. Retrieved from http//www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2ved=0CDcQFjABurl =http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rolandberger.de%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2FRoland_Berger_India_Opportunities_20090706.pdfei=dj2-ULGmGczFswbcuIG4Dgusg=AFQjCNEwgEyYvYOggC_So6o_Mfx5S_CooQsig2=yoLcEuhmRXeawISVMaXBEg 7- Lahovnik, M. (2011). Strategic fit between business strategies in the post-acquisition period and acquisition performance. Retrieved from 8- Dahlstrom, R. Ramsay, R. Duncan, J. Amburgey, T. (2004). Cases in strategic-systems auditing. Retrieved from http//www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CC8QFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.illinois.edu%2Fkpmg-uiuccases%2Fcases%2Ftricon%2FTricon.pdfei=mD6-UNzEKozAtAb-kYH4DQusg=AFQj

Ayurvedic Medicine Essay Example for Free

Ayurvedic Medicine EssayClass name Date Introduction Ayurveda, the antique Sanskrit word (Ayus/living and Veda/revealed wisdom) comes from the traditions of the ancient Indian sages, to a fault kn let as Rishis. The word denotes the enlightened experience of wholly aspects of optimal, healthy, everyday living, and longevity and, its followers believe Ayurveda to be a fortress of wisdom (Ninivaggi 2008, xvi). universe that the medical come of Ayurveda goes back as far as 6,000 years, 3,000 of those years recorded and verifiable, it is worth prying astir(predicate) why the seemingly successful methodologies and medical coiffes have not been adopted into the Western exemplar of scientific medicine. Although Ayurvedic methods and its practitioners atomic number 18 becoming more popular in the get together States, with the increased interest by North American patients in preventative and holistic treatments, on that point appears to be a disconnect more or less these proc edures as validated by providers within North America and our system of payers (i. . , the insurance policy agencies).As indicated by the Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga and Ayurveda website, a Boulder, Colorado agency, it was learned that although reimbursements can be erect, it often propagation requires a unique system of billing and coding to ensure payment. There atomic number 18 numerous reports and studies universe done that show how Ayurvedic medicine is not just an ancient version of complementary and alter inhering medicine, besides rather these studies demonstrate the validity for support of the treatments.One example of this would be in cancer treatment, at that place are herbal and handed-down medicines that are being studied worldwide to validate their effect on cancer. Alternative and more natural come neares to curing and managing cancers are becoming more popular and common. With the existing regulatory policies and perceptions surrounding Complimentary a nd Alternative Medicine in the coupled States, it is my goal to show and provide statistics that forget increase awareness and acceptance of the medical wisdom of Ancient Ayurveda.There leave alone be an investigating and explanation showing how Eastern Indian healthcare treatments have been scientifically examined and how they can successfully be adopted into the U. S. healthcare model, via a more global perspective on illness, distemper and the prevention of unsoundness from a wellness and holistic advancement. Review of Literature The following section summarizes the history of Ayurveda, describes major trends and holes found in the existing query, and explores the evidence both supporting and disproving Ayurveda as a viable and proven healthcare strategy. The History of AyurvedaThe concept of Ayurveda was developed sometime around 2500 and 500 BC in India. Ayurveda is rooted in Buddhist and Hindu traditions, but it has been said to connect with Asian medicine (Warrier 2011). Essentially, Ayurveda suggests that the bodys might to heal itself acts through three forces called doshas. These are vata (space and air), pitta ( plunder and water), and kapha (water and earth) (Yeager 1998). In order to live a healthy life, these doshas must(prenominal) remain balanced. Typically, Ayurveda is most often used to prevent disease, and has proven beneficial in the treatment of eminent blood pressure, cholesterol and stress (Yeager 1998).Ayurveda is likewise helpful in everyday life. Translated, Ayurveda means science of life. This commentary is relevant because the ancient Indian system of health care focuses views of man and his illness evolving from the body and its extraneous factors (Yeager 1998). In the present context, the Ayurvedic system of medicine is becoming more widely accepted. It is practiced in India and also in the more economically evolved countries such as Europe, the United States and Japan (Samy, Pushparaj and Gopalakrishnakone 2008). In the mid-1990s, The World wellness Organization also recognized Ayurveda as a system of sophisticated conventional medicine that concern the study of life stimulating observation, and fostering scientific look (Berra and Molho 2010). With the existing and evolving global healthcare crisis that is also shortly plaguing the United States (U. S. ), one would believe that an affordable, safe and proven health system so globally recognized would have been able to pass at minimum the test of time but, this is not the case.Although the new-fangled decade has brought about many observations that have added to the scientific credentialing of Ayurveda and former(a) forms of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), there are quiet concerns about the ancient Indian treatment and its scientific validity, this is especially true in the U. S. (Rastogi 2010). Before the recent upsurge of traditional medicine in a global perspective, Ayurveda was persistently criticized for its ambiguit y and philosophical tenants incomprehensible to occidental mind (Rastogi 2010, 1).Ayurvedic Research Methods Ayurveda is arguably an under questioned topic, as scholarly inquiry did not truly begin until the 1970s. This stunted research can be separated into three manifest categories the examination of traditional Ayurveda in pre-colonial atomic number 16 Asia, the examination of Ayurveda in colonial and post-colonial times in South Asia, and an examination of Ayurvedic practices outside of South Asia (Warrier 2011). The first swan of Ayurvedic research used treatises written in Sanskrit to decode the origins of Ayurveda.This research helped to conceptualize and understand the Ayurvedic understanding of the body, health and practice, which heavily differed from another(prenominal) representations during that time (Warrier 2011). The second wave of research showed that Ayurvedic practices were encouraged in India until 1835 when British policy changed. When India gained its in dependence in 1947, the government took immediate step to standardize Ayurveda however, the practice was still poorly funded. The effects of British colonialism and favoritism for biomedical has been long lasting. period practices of Ayurveda are much of hybrid between the two medical practices (Warrier 2011). The third wave of research pore on the advent of Ayurveda in the West (the United States and the United Kingdom) beginning in the 1980s. Deepak Chopra and Maharishi Mahesh Yogi are cited as influential individuals who popularized Ayurveda in the West. Although Ayurveda became more popular, it was discounted as a New Age fad. The third wave of research largely avoids discussions of healthcare reform, or conversations on the legitimacy and authenticity of their Ayurveda practice (Warrier 2011).Ayurvedic research presents additional problems. Firstly, Its difficult to conduct double-blind placebo-controlled trials, , because Ayurveda is a holistic system that treats individual s differently with multiple methods (Hontz 2004). However, these modern scientific studies often ignore the primary objective of Ayurveda, which is to see patients as individuals in need of unique care. Secondly, the new and acclivitous research has not been disseminated, and the new textbooks on the practice have not been updated. Because this new wealth of training has not yet made it to professionals or students, it is of little use.Within the study of Ayurveda, numerous scholars are avocation for new research methodologies (Baghel 2011). In the past, many studies have focused on the use of the plants and herbs (herbal pharmacology) in Ayurveda. scorn the screening of over 2000 medicinal plants over ten years, no conclusive data emerged. Based on the inconclusive findings, other researchers continued to suggest that Ayurvedic research should address the uses and benefits of plants. This research has led to advances in traditional medicine, such as the use of certain plants wh en modern medicine is unavailable (Baghel 2011).Currently, Ayurvedic research is concerned with fixture the research methodologies, separating itself from traditional scientific practices. Another issue with Ayurvedic research is the translation of terminologies. For instance, Vata is not air, Pitta is not fire and Bhasma is not oxide- they have much deeper scientific content (Patwardhan 2009). Because Western scientists fail to grasp the full meaning of certain terms, the scientific research of Ayurveda falls short and its reputation has actually been damaged.These failures concerning Ayurvedic research have resulted in certain consequences. Scientists have simply viewed Ayurveda as a means to bolster modern medicine, rather than a unique practice. In addition, eastern Ayurvedic practices have reached a standstill in the midst of the research and effectuation controversies. This has severely paralyzed the Ayurvedic educational system, along with its practice (Patwardhan 2009). M any scholars and practitioners conclude that Ayurveda needs to define itself and express a universal methodology (Baghel 2011).Unless this occurs, Ayurveda will continue to loose momentum. Scholars have suggested adopting a transnational approach to Ayurveda in order to refocus the research. Evaluating Ayurveda from a transnational perspective means looking at, where personnel, ideas, meanings, symbols, products, and practices are invariably crossing boundaries (Warrier 2011). This viewpoint would ideally look at the influence of of local practices on global traditions. The American Healthcare System Evolution? There is evidence in the U. S. nd throughout the world of a growing demand for alternative healthcare choices, based upon the best practices from varying healthcare models.This demand for options appears to be based on an opinion that any single system of healthcare has its inadequacies and will not be able to solve all contemporary health care needs (Shankar 2010). It i s this perhaps this assessment that has brought about the dramatic growth of the Complementary and Alternative movement as well as the awareness and ontogeny of myriad methods of Integrative Medicine (I. M. ) in the last ten to fifteen years.Luckily for proponents and practitioners of Ayurvedic medicine and research, governments and regulatory bodies appear to have also begun to understand the need for varied approaches to health and wellness with the intent that all new models must also establish their safety, quality and efficacy (Shankar 2010). Agencies such as the National vegetable marrow for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) and The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are just a a couple of(prenominal) of the institutions in the United States that are starting to provide guidance and policy around C.A. M. and I. M. , which is a confirming step because without these policies and approvals, there would be no evolutionary progress whatsoever in terms of Ayurveda i n delivery in the U. S. Over the past two decades, U. S. mainstream medicine has become more accepting of Ayurveda and other alternative medical practices. A widely quoted study in the New England Journal of Medicine suggests that a third of Americans spend $14 billion a year on alternative medical methods (Perry 1994). unless much of this money comes from consumers pockets.Although the interest in alternative medicine has increased in recent years, it is still difficult to find insurance reportage, but some companies are offering group and individual policies (Dharamsi 2011). Although the coverage is substantial, it is not full coverage. The need for insurance companies to alter their plans is becoming more pressing as the prevalence of Ayurveda increases in the U. S. Despite this acceptance, many questions and controversies remain. Doctors in India and the U. S. are concerned with the standardization of the practice of Ayurveda in the U.S.. In India, practitioners of Ayurveda ar e required to obtain a Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) degree, which is the equivalent of five and a half years in medical school (Yeager 1998). However, no such lengthy certification exists (or is required) to practice in the United States. This is further problematic because many of the herbs and treatments used in Ayurveda are relatively youthful or unregulated. This means that a person seeking Ayurvedic treatment is left with the responsibility to conduct their own research and find a reliable practitioner.In order to mediate this issue, some U. S. medical schools are beginning to offer courses in Ayurveda similar to those seen in India (Swapan 2007). Yet, these courses are seminars and are completed in a matter of days. Ultimately, standardization is also necessary to price services so that they can be cover by insurance conglomerates. Medical scholars are investigating the potential of an integrative medicine (IM) approach (Patwardhan 2009). These akin scho lars often look to China as a successful example of integrative medicine.China has established this feat by requiring medical students to complete coursework in Western and traditional medicine (Patwardhan 2009). This dualistic approach means that doctors can provide patients with a combination of treatments. A similar situation is arising in India at the Banaras Hindu University where students integrate modern medicine with Ayurveda and Yoga (Patwardhan 2009). However, integration is sometimes difficult because implementation and methodologies have to be developed and agreed upon.Further, many risks are involved with integration, including the potential to lose identity conversely, there is the initiative of Ayurveda being overtaken by modern medicine. To be successful in the integrative endeavor, Ayurveda must recognize, respect and introduce the respective identities, philosophies, foundations, methodologies, and strengths of all systems (Patwardhan 2009). Research Approach Fo rm of Knowledge Chronic disease in the United States (U. S. ) is now more of a challenge. The number of Americans suffering from chronic disease has increased rapidly in the past two plus decades, and today 51 percent of the U.S. population is struggling from conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and stroke. Chronic disease in the U. S. is so prevalent that it is largely accepted as a part of everyday life.Unfortunately, conventional Western medicine is largely focused on treating the symptoms of chronic disease and prevention often goes ignored. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and, arthritis are among the most common, costly and preventable of all health problems in the U. S. Yet, they account for 7 out of 10 deaths or 51% of deaths annually, according to a 2008 report of 2005 mortality data. The Problem. With the traditional Western model of healthcare in America being as fi nancially lucrative as it has been historically (i. e. , reactive disease processes, hospitalizations, pharmaceuticals, insurance plans) one can only imagine that there is not much of a thirst by these money making industries to move toward a model of preventative medicine. It is also less belike that these industries would consider Complementary and AlternativeMedicine (CAM). The proposed research study aims to explore the ancient art of traditional Eastern Indian Ayurvedic medicine, its validity as a scientifically proven means of symptom prevention, chance(a) healthcare regimen, disease curative and whether or not this form of CAM has a current presence in the U. S. or any potential future in our existing healthcare system. Research questions. The research will address the following questions 1. What is the Ayurvedic philosophy of health, healing and medicine? 2.What does Ayurveda in North American U. S. culture lie of? Who are the practitioners? Who are the patients? 3. What does current research say about the outcomes of chronic diseases treated with Ayurvedic methods? 4. Are Ayurvedic treatments currently being paid for by U. S. insurance plans, if not, why not? 5. What are the trends with regard to CAM treatments in the American healthcare model? Target Audience The audience for this research and those that will benefit from its findings would be the United States population as a whole.Not only will the current and potential patients of the ancient practice benefit by a growing and increased awareness and hopeful change in insurance policy if needed but, current practitioners and those considering the study and certification of Ayurvedic medicine should be relieved and assured of their futures as proven through reports of clinical outcomes and accepted methods of Ayurvedic delivery in Western culture. Controlling Factors Since Ayurveda is a about recent discovery in The United States , the expanse of its historical data originates from India.The ma jority of its practitioners and patients are native Eastern Indians and the information found within academic reports can mostly be traced back to organizations hailing from India. Since a determination about the effectiveness and utilization in The United States is the goal of the research, the information may be difficult to locate. The healthcare publications and journals that will report Ayurvedic outcomes will likely be written by Indian physicians based upon Indian lifestyles and dynamics of health within the country of India.I would assume without further research and investigation, that there will be some conflicting if not incomplete and/or possibly diagonal information being reported. Data Collection Methods A dual approach of qualitative and quantitative research review will be done. I will use the world wide web and other library resources to locate industry white papers and respected journal articles that show specific recordable and scientific data about Ayurvedic del iveries and outcomes, statistics on use and trends, specific to the United States.Since the Boulder, Colorado area is a well-known(a) community of those who seek or practice CAM therapies some information can be obtained by agencies voluntary to share their experiences, knowledge and clinical data. IRB approval will be required to perform any example of survey or case study that will be implemented with these approving agencies.

The Effects Of The Rising Chinese Economy To The Job Opportunies Essay Example for Free

The Effects Of The Rising Chinese Economy To The Job Opportunies EssayThis division first came to me while browsing the care section of a Borders bookstore. Admittedly, at the m, I was seeing for ideas for the Research Seminar class. I was smell for a subject atomic hail 18a that met three requirements it had to be a business-related topic, something that would interest me, and something I knew truly little ab by so that I could learn about something new. A couple of hours later, I was getting anxious, it was taking longer than expected and absolutely nonhing drew my interest. wherefore a book title caught my attention, CHINA INC. HOW THE RISE OF THE NEXT SUPERPOWER CHALLENGES AMERICA AND THE WORLD. The book describes how mainland mainland china, whiz time hobblight-emitting diode by poverty and Communist ideology has come to be the supercharged center of global capist miserliness. It discusses the global contact of 300 whizz million million rural Chinese walki ng off their farms, heading to the cities in the hugeest migration in human history.It talks about mainland mainland mainland mainland chinas growing lateralisation as an industrial office and the profound shift in global economies and how it is already affecting all told of us. I was immediately shocked, curious and fascinated. All of these be happening and I was completely oblivious to such important developments in mainland mainland chinaw ar. I immediately knew that this was the topic for my paper. Happy with my eveings work, I do my purchase and left the store.On the train ride home, I began reading the book, which proved to be every bit interesting and unsettling. Many of the predictions do non bode well for workers in the coupled States, including me But that is good, scour to a greater extent(prenominal) reason to focus on this subject matter. Fishman is respectable unrivaled writer, the purpose of the paper is to query and report on the opinions and studie s completed by a second of experts. Already I was coming up with the paper title The rise of the Chinese Economy, Threat or Opportunity for the join Sates or something of that nature.In the following weeks, I spent many, many hours engrossed researching the growing Chinese frugality and how it affects the domain of a function. It seems that the ontogeny of China influences the U.S. in every way. Since the fall of the USSR, the domain of a function has had one superpower, the join States, now China fast and furiously is becoming the move up star and superpower of the East. Along with becoming an economic power to be reckoned with, it has a growing military strength, something the U.S. fears. Its economic success means its great deal consume more and want more. China is now second to the U.S. in the demand for commodities such as oil, steel, concrete, water, etc and its demands are growing, again a terror to the fall in States as they are competing for the kindred resour ces. A booming providence alike cast ups the semipolitical rest of the orbit, so previously where the slumbering giant stayed out of global events that did non impact China, the Chinese political science dedicate more and more clout not only within Asia but as well as europium and Latin the States as well.When the time came to write the paper, I ran into problems. I had too more information and did not know where to begin. In many ways, I had over-researched the topic but not in truth focused on a particular aspect. The information I had collected was enough for a book, not a chapter. This meant reverting to the drawing board and revising the paper but apply the information already available to me. I decided to focus on a very authoritative topic, the role that China has in rising short letter losings within the fall in States. Thus the title for the Research Paper.BACKGROUNDSince the World Wars, the get together States of America has made its presence felt in the w orld scientifically, economically and politically. The coupled States, along with Europe, has led the world in producing new technologies, which other countries adopt, buy and imitate. The United States also wield economic and political power through its control of aliment and media. It is the major supplier of corn, soybeans, wheat and cotton (USDA) and he who controls food controls the world, at least the third-world countries. This is not to refer it being the fore most(prenominal) supplier of pesticides and fertilizers. It sells its surplus at seamy price making buying countries dependent on it. Subsequently, dependence equals power (Greene, 2000).China is the oldest civilization and has been in the lead in the arts and sciences but it was set back by civil wars, famines, military defeats, and occupations. After the great World Wars, it was imposed under strict governance and not until the leadership of Deng Xiaoping that it reviewed its economy (Huang, 1997). Now, China is one of the major key players in the international markets and even sending fears to paranoids. China was once a very Communist country and it may be pitching for world dominance through economy.The Peoples Republic of China, an Asian country, has an underestimated population of 1.3 million people as of 2003 (National Bureau of Statistics, 2003). It has the givingst in the world and the home run of different industries, each hoping to get even a small percentage of its buying population.Since 1978, the Chinese economy withdraw quadrupled its GDP and better its agriculture and industrial sectors. Its government though is a product mingled with socialism and capitalism.America had been totally under the British rule until some colonies decided cry for independency in 1776. It was just a colony and now it is undeniably the most powerful country in the world lead in almost everything. Experiences such as the Civil War of 1861-65 and the Great clinical depression of the 1930s were the saddest part of its history (Allen, 1967). Its economy enjoys steady egress, low un transaction and rising prices enjoins and continuous packaging in engine room.The United States of America has controlled various economies through their agriculture and military and is currently the lone superpower after the Cold War.The US has market-oriented economy where private entities make their own decisions with the full actualise of the federal official type of government.According from the CIA World Factbook, the United States has the man-sizedst economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $42,000 while China has a GDP of just $7,198 per capita. The former is known for its power, the latter for its population, but, as you know, the GDP is calculated using population. The lower GDP does not automatically mean that China is poor, only it has a large number of inhabitants. Imagine if both countries guard got the same population, which do you think between the two will tolera te the greater GDP? But GDP does not dictate the richness or poorness of a country. Even with a small GDP China is actually the second largest economy in the world after the US. The reality is Chinas enormous population is its massivegest asset.Furthermore, the United States with its most advanced economy is suffering a decline in its status. Though it is enjoying solid cast ups in real out put in, low pompousness rates, and a drop in un consumption at that place are emerging problems such as inadequate enthronization in infrastructures, cursorily increasing medical damages, tidy sum shortages, and stagnation of family income. This is the opposite with what is happening to China. China has go bad the largest trading partner of Asian countries, which are not exactly a few(prenominal).The United States is doing its scoop up to maintain its appreciation as the most powerful country and the rise of the Chinese economy seem to pose a threat. Feelings of dissatisf live up to o ver the administration is being felt all over the United States worsened by the incapacitated of jobs , which is attributed to the economy of China getting stronger?China is beginning to influence the world. Noticeably, it is making a turn about which is not missed curiously in the business community as it suits an industrial powerhouse of the world (Kynge, 2006). The writer said that China used to account for the third of the global economy and after move cod to different conflicts, it is reemerging as a force in the world.Different studies have been made to represent the facts behind Chinas ascent to world economics and the get on effects it can wreak to global patronage. They intended to identify the factors behind its recovery and the foundation of its economic policies.Also, different studies intended to take the connection between the Chinese rising economy and the rising job losses in the United States. They tried to prove if in that location were basis for the c laims that there were really links.Results of the studies could be basis for further looking into the Sino-American business deal relations and if the US and China will be continuing its pledges or if cooperation is still deserving sharing.Results provided general overview about the rising discontent among Americans and what they feel towards China and its policies. Likewise, they racylighted Chinas attitude towards America and its accusations, current economic growth and its overall view to United States as a trading partner.literary REVIEWNumerous studies have been made regarding US economics and economics in general. Numerous studies have been made that links one countrys policy with anothers but few have had focused on China as a strong force behind them, that was until the move quarter of the century when governments and different industries recognized that China have been making a comeback and its enormous population is actually being an asset than a liability and they cou ld profit from it.Also, there were expressions, reports and journals all devoting intervention towards the emerging economy and its effects to America and the whole world as a whole. They contain facts and figures alluding their several(prenominal) claims, some true sadly, some are not so true.Deficit is produced when the expenditure is high(prenominal) than the income. In the case of the US and China it when the outgoing vaulting horse is greater than the incoming Yuan. In 2003, US-China Economic and pledge Review Commission say that there was a $124 billion US shortage and as of February 2006, the U.S. plane section of Commerce announced that the international deficit reached a record of $726 billion for year 2005 $60.3 of which is from US-China concern relations. That is with China edging to the automobile and oil industry. Specifically, the value of Yuan, Chinas capital was particularly blamed for the deteriorating US economy.The deficit is blamed for the job losses in the United States. It was said that the deficit came from the cope deficit caused by the import- wiliness relation of the US and the Peoples Republic of China. In an article of Robert E. Scott in AsiaTimes, he claimed that the deficit with China is the reason for the allegedly 1.5 million productions or service related jobs woolly starting time the last decade of the century. What was shocking that those jobs were not just on the labor-intensive work but also in the once American-dominated industries like electronics and communications. This situation worsened when China joined the World Trade Organization.Scott furthered that the most affected states in terms of numeric terms were California (199,922), Texas (99,420), unfermented York (81,721), Pennsylvania (69,822), Illinois (69,668), North Carolina (62,698), Florida (60,026), Ohio (58,094), scratch (50,991) and Georgia (46,848). For the total state employment were Maine (14,951, or 2.47%), Arkansas (19,123, 1.67%), Nort h Carolina (62,698, 1.65%), Rhode Island (7,548, 1.56%), innovative Hampshire (9,443, 1.53%), Indiana (43,533, 1.50%), milliampere (46,463, 1.46%), Wisconsin (39,668, 1.43%), Vermont (4,211, 1.41%) and California (199,922, 1.39%).There have been public outcries regarding the job losses. An example was given by then republican candidate for the US Congress, Jay Helvey. He stresses that one of the hardest hits was the State of North Carolina suffering from huge job losses blaming the China Currency polity and pled that the US citizens must be armed so that they can debate the unexpected losses (Helvey, 2003). China though has made changes over the years.Expectedly, most of the criticisms were directed towards the administration. Though one out of four factory jobs had disappeared since 1979 giving a total of 2.5 million jobs lost, still, it took more than two decades to fall away them compared same amount lost since provide took office in January 2001 (Vieth, 2003). The electio ns even were dictated by the stands of the candidates towards the Sino-American trade. Voters were as thorough as they were regarding the Iraq issue.As overview, US exportations change magnitude fourfold from $5.8 billion in 1989 to $26.1 billion in 2003. However, it started decreasing and it fell 2.3% to $66.5 billion this November 2006. Likewise, imports increased from $11.9 billion to $151.7 billion and unlike the export figures, it actually increased 1.3% to $155.85 billion during November. Both resulted to a Sino-American trade deficit increase.What is interesting is that there is a very big similarity between the bulk of Chinas export to the US and US exports to China manufacturing goods. If the US is exporting manufacturing goods, does it make adept to import the same kind of goods as well? Under globalization it is. The aim of the free world trade is competition among products based on their quality and value (Destler and Balint, 1999). ironic that the blueprint of the Am erican economy is what is creating the reason Americans are claiming responsible for the job losses. Naturally, consumers would go for cheaper goods. In this case, they are obviously Made from China. Of course, this deal did not bode well for the US manufacturing industry as sustain by the ballooning trade deficit.On the other glove, though there have been a backwardness for the previous year (2005), the work and goods sectors of the United States economy achieved strong marks.There have been increases in the suffice industry growing by 4.1% while the goods industry grew by 2.6%. Findings for 2005 by the Bureau of Economic epitome are as followsinformation-communications-technology-producing industries experienced double-digit growth of 11.9 percent in 2005, down slightly from 12.9 percent growth in 2004,growth in accommodation and food services accelerated to 4.8 percent in 2005, special its average annual growth of 3.9 percent over the period 1995-2000, andfor the second c onsecutive year, professional, scientific, and technical services growth of 7% exceeded its average annual growth of 6.9 percent over the period 1995-2000Chinas key economic indicators as published by Chinese State Statistical Bureau showed that exports in 1999 from $194.7 billion jump to $249.1 billion in 2000, which was a 27% increase. Likewise, imports in year 2000 post an increase of 35% having a value of $214.7 billion from $158.7 billion in 1999. Both the export and import for 2001 posted an almost 10% increase. Also, notice that the manufacturing data posted an initial increase of almost 13%. young findings stated thatChina has been the receiving end of the bulk of US exports ranging from $35 billion to $71 billion in the new-fangled years,exports of electronics, computers, and communications equipments are faring better in sales than that of shoes, apparel and plastic products,China has become one of the worlds leading largest trading nations competing with the United Stat es and Germany as its inappropriate trade value reached US$1 trillion in the first 11 months of 2004, andShanghai has overtaken Rotterdam as the No 1 port in terms of cargo handling an average of 380 million metric tons of shipmentSo far, countries have recognized China as a major player in the market. Some of them were Malaysia, Singapore and newborn Zealand declaring China as having a full market economy status. This means that the Chinese government has been enjoying advantages when relations in the foreign market (Gelken, 2006).Undeniably, whatever some people claims, trade relations between the United States and China has brought something good for both countries. The trade has given a growth of more than $70 billion since it started in 1978 (US Department of Commerce). The United States is Chinas single largest export market while China is, as mentioned, is likewise. The large population of China is also an attraction for US investors as China sales can save a business ver y competitive. On the other hand, China gets the latest technology the US has.For every rise of China in the world market, incidentally there is a corresponding fall for the United States. Allegedly, the rate of dollar versus yuan is causing tremendous blows to the US economy. The yuan has been pegged at 7.92 against the dollar since the mid-1990s, and capital of Red China has begun to set aside a modest fluctuation in the last year or so (The paries Street journal).At the turn of this century, both the Democrats and the Republicans favored the new trade agreements with the world, believing that such agreements would micturate global markets, creating jobs and raising incomes in the Untied States. (Scott, pg 7) In 2000, the Clinton administration actively supported China in becoming a member of the World Trade Organization.Likewise, the Bush administration endorsed new international trade agreements. In 2002, the Senate sanction the fast- cover trade negotiating authority (Trade Promotion Authority) which Bush described to be a divide moment. It emphasized foreign trade agreements, creating jobs resulting to higher incomes for American workers (Bush, 2002).Scott, in a research paper for the EPI, investigated Sino-American trade between 1989 and 2003 and its impact on jobs and industries in the U.S. His research paper showed that international trade agreements have then resulted in a growth in exports, but the U.S. trade deficit rose at an alarming rate. Between 2001 and 2003, exports to China increased by $8 billion, up 44% and during the same two-year time period, U.S. imports increased by $50 billion, or 49%, the resulting trade deficit increased by 50%. He concluded that the growing U.S. trade deficit with China between 1989 and 2003 has displaced production supporting 1.5 million U.S. job opportunities (Scott, 1, 7).In the mass of reports and studies, the most affected were the American people, especially the blue-collar workers. Trade Unions were provoked and in treat 2004, The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) filed the Section 301 quest Against China. The Petition was filed on behalf of the 13 million members of the AFL-CIO, including 6 million manufacturing workers.The AFL-CIO demanded for stiff tariffs on Chinese imports and it claimed that the Chinese government through violation of workers rights and failure to enforce its labor laws give China an unfair competitive advantage. It stated that the exploitation of the Chinese workers costs hundreds of thousands of U.S. manufacturing jobs and puts a heavy weight on U.S. wages. The petition contended that the difference between the prices of American-made and Chinese-made goods was the result of low wages and the lack of workers rights in China. It should be noted that the Petition was not approved looking for back at the events leading to the China prosper, and if all of the findings were true, it is funny that the US itself had a hand on its decline. It was President George W. Bush who requested to fast-track Chinas membership to WTO believing that it would create more jobs for the American people. During his term, former President Bill Clinton saying China being a member of WTO would be a win-win situation also endorsed it.The most famous analogy for this was that if the United States exports 1,000 products, say, computers, to China, many American workers would be employed in the production. Interchanging, if the US imports 1,000 computers from China then a similar number of Americans who otherwise could have been employed nationalally will have to find other work. In short, increase in exports support the domestic employment while increase in imports displaces domestic production.A believe reported by the Nixon Center reported that membership of China to WTO would have encouraged reforms and stability in Asia not to mention it would strengthen the ties of China and United States. Then Deputy Treasu ry Secretary Eizenstat outlined the many economic benefits of the bilateral trade deal with China. He said that the deal is, the most one-sided trade agreement in our favor that has ever been signed with any foreign government.To thrive as a WTO member, China will need to become more market based, more respective of personal and commercial goods, and more open to the free incline of information and ideas. Eizenstat further stressed that the old deal with China regarding trade relations was not enough for the US to access key market concessions. Besides, the WTO membership would have improved the relationship of Taiwan and China, which were both had tensions way back then (whitethorn and Sgro, 2000).Chinas entry into the WTO was supposed to provide openings for a sufficiently rapid growth in US exports to reduce the trade deficit with China. While the export growth rate has increased since 2001 (from a very small base), the value of those exports has been swamped by a rapidly rising tide of imports. The WTO is a free-trade and investment agreement that has provided investors with a unique set of guarantees designed to cannonball along foreign direct investment and the movement of factories around the world, especially from the US to low-wage locations such as China and Mexico (Groombridge, 2001).Nicholas Lardy in his economic commentary, The Economic Rise of China Threat or Opportunity, took a different approach. It intercommunicate the view that Chinas economic rise is a serious threat to jobs in the United States. He pointed out that, to date, China is responsible only for a very small percentage of manufacturing job losses in the U.S. because many of the manufacturing industries had previously relocated to other Asian countries, namely Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea. With the accessibility of an abundant, even cheaper labor pool, China only displaced Hong Kong, Taiwan and Korea to become the major producer and supplier of footwear, toys, games and sporty g oods. A similar transformation occurred with the production of information technology related items, such as computers, laptops, monitors, PC servers, and so on. A large portion of the $300 billion information technology industry is produced in Asia. Again, within Asia there has been a migration of production, from Taiwan to China. By 2000, China had surpassed Taiwan to become the worlds third-largest producer of information technology after Japan and the U.S. In 2002, China had displaced Japan to rank number two (Lardy, 2003).Also, in reaction to criticisms regarding China trade Daniel Griswold, writer for the Free Trade Bulletin, disagreed. He argued that there the role of international investment flows had been ignored. He claimed that the billions of dollars that Americans spend on imports (over and above exports) quickly returns to the country in the form of investments made in U.S. assets such as stocks, bank deposits, commercial and Treasury bonds or as direct investment in f actories and real estate. He further claimed that jobs are created as the incoming flow of foreign investments is used to purchase new machinery, fund research and development, and keep interest rates low. (Griswold, 2)In addition, Griswold believed that the central assumption of the EPI model that rising imports directly displace domestic output collides with the empirical reality. He said that imports and domestic output rise together in response to demand. He cited figures from the Federal backwardness Board, the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis, and Ibid.He showed that between 1994 and 2000 when trade deficit was a burden to U.S. economy employment actually rose by a net 12 % and the unemployment rate fell from 6.1% to 4.0 %. During the same time, the U.S. manufacturing output rose by 40 % though the volume of imported make goods doubled. Griswold stresses that trade and prosperity go hand-in-hand and movements to cut imports of manufactured goods wil l seriously undermine the ability of the U.S. economy to expand output and create jobs (Griswold, 2).In the issue of revaluing yuan, to affected American people especially the blue-collar workers. Some would say that China is just moving towards progress and some are thankful that it is encompass capitalism, but should part of the American people suffer? Alarmed and bothered by the voting majority, the Bush administration has joined the clamor for the Asian country to consider changes to its trade policies including revaluing Yuan (The Boston Globe).In February last year, Senator Lindsey Graham, a South Caroline Republican sponsored a bill that will force China to abide by international trade agreements and stop the alleged manipulation of the value of Yuan. Senate hearings revealed that yuan is undervalued against the dollar and maintained at narrow band weakening the dollar. The artificial low value of Chinese currency subsidizes their exports and serves as unwritten tariff to fo reign products. Expectedly, the Chinese government denied the manipulation accusations and stated that sanctions are not the answers to trade problems (AFX News Limited)But this is not a manipulation of its exchange rate so much as it is a contracting out of its monetary system to the U.S. Federal Reserve Board. That strategy has allowed China to remove the uncertainty of exchange-rate fluctuations from investment decisions and allowed China to grow rapidly while controlling inflation The Chinese have and then avoided the bane of most developing nations of inept monetary controls leading to price fluctuations and periods of hyperinflation.China was one of the few Asian nations that did not face crippling currency devaluation during the monetary crisis of the late 1990s. Nor is it pull that a yuan revaluation of even 10% to 30% would have any meaningful impact on the U.S. trade deficit. China imports some $100 billion a year of raw materials. A stronger yuan would lower the price o f those inputs, and thus of production costs, which could largely offset the impact of the stronger currency on export prices (McKinsey Quarterly).Surprisingly China revalued its currency. For years, China has been gracefully ignoring urges to revalue their money as such an action would raise the price of their products in the international trade markets. Also, China learned from history when Hong Kong dollars changed its rate and thus sank. Furthermore, revaluing yuan could have had cut foreign investments, country growth rate, increase bad loans and unemployment and generally change not just their economy but that of their neighboring ASEAN countries as well (Hanke, 2005).Now, wherefore did China changed its emplacement? With the international pressure and possible tax sanctions from the United States, Chinese leadership braved to revalue as it complete that they would soon profit from such changes (McClenahen, 2005). As they printed more of their money to buy dollars, they kn ew that they could avoid possible inflation if they would raise their currency. In addition, they shifted or shared the growth of exports to domestic economy as they know the dangers of relying to foreign money.The main reason there was a clamor for the revaluation of yuan was for the dollar to regain its dominance. Unfortunately, even with the changes made to the Chinese currency, it will have a very little effect to the dollar as there are no direct link between the yuan exchange rate and the US trade deficits as only 10% of US imports come from China. Worse, the revaluation would actually reduce the trade value of dollar by 2%. Revaluation of will never be enough as there should also be an increase in purchases of dollars (Dorn, 2006).An article, published in Business Week, said that the necessity of U.S. workers depends mainly on domestic conditions not the trade relations. The article referred to a Brookings Institution study, which maintained that trade accounts for only abou t 12% of the manufacturing job losses since 2000. According from the article, the rising trade deficit is due to high U.S. savings rate and not to the imports from China. Tyson, the author of the article added that the U.S. current deficit hit the cap because of a sharp drop in personal savings and out-of-control federal spending. To back this up, Tyson further referred to a study by economist Ronald I. McKinnon of Stanford University. He cited that if the current account were balanced in 2003 there would have been additional 4.7 million U.S. manufacturing jobs. Tyson concluded that the lost jobs were due to Americas macroeconomic choices and not from Chinas so-called unfair trade and currency policies (Tyson, 2005).In addition, a McKinsey Quarterly report published in Forbes.com titled Dont Blame Trade for US Job Losses claimed that trade and rising imports of goods and services did not really destroy the vast majority of the jobs lost in the United States. It was said that there w as only about 314,000 jobs lost as a result of trade and that falling exports not rising imports were responsible. The figure was a very small percentage of the millions of positions that are annually lost and created in the United States. It pointed out that job losses were due to weak domestic demand, rapid productiveness growth and the dollars strength, which all dampened the U.S. exports. The document provided a number of different reasons why jobs were in fact lost.One was the rapid growth of productivity. If the output per employee is rising, product output must also increase to maintain the employment. After year 2000, the US domestic demand grew little than the productivity so companies unavoidable fewer workers to fill their domestic orders thus the laying-off and closure of many companies. Similarly, export figures fell sharply in 2001 and had continued to decline ever since. The report also suggested that the US is perhaps competing in the wrong markets. Exports to Braz il, Canada and Europe were soft yet trade with China and Mexico was positive. The report claimed that the appreciation of the dollar accounts for the weakness of US exports and hence for the number of manufacturing jobs lost.A large group believes that the loss of manufacturing jobs in the U.S. is a natural process wherein it is faulting from an industrial age into a service era. One supporter of this idea is Robert Reich, former Labor secretary. In a Wall Street Journal article, Nice Work if you can get It, he offered that employment in the manufacturing industry had been dropping all over the world for years and not just in the U.S. He cited studies by Alliance Capital Management revealing that between 1995 and 2002, 22 million factory jobs had been lost oecumenic. The U.S. wasnt even the biggest loser. Japan and China both had higher losses, Japan 16% and China 15%, compared to 11% for the U.S., added Reich.According to him, technological advances, computerization and automati on have increased productivity thus reducing the need for manual labor. Reich claimed that the U.S. is transitioning from an industrial to a service economy imitating the shift from agriculture to industry at the turn of the twentieth century. He believed that this is natural and that once the U.S. economy gets back on the track old jobs will be replaced by new ones. Those new jobs will fall under two categories symbolic-analytic work and personal-services work. Examples of those belonging to the first type are lawyers, bankers, doctors, and management consultants. For the second sector, they will be eating place workers, retail workers, and security guards (Reich, 1, 2).Carlos Gutierrez, Commerce Secretary, in a New York Times article, agreed with Reich. He contended that the United Sates and China are in different states of development and he said that they do not deal head-on. Chinas economic foundation lies the manufacture of commodity-type products, whereas U.S. are in higher -value manufacturing, differentiation of products, higher technology and new services (Lague, 2).Christopher Meyer, the former director f the Center for Business Innovation, stated that the loss of manufacturing jobs is just another chapter of technological progress in America. According to Meyer, a country moves forward by successor low-level jobs with more sophisticated ones. Thats how economic growth happensthe new jobs have to have higher value-added, higher productivity. It is as when automation replaced blue-collar jobswe look at most of the jobs it displaced as brutish and short archeological site coal, or having your internal organs cooked by the infrared radiation from a ladle of steel. These adjustments will allow more people to do what they want to do, not what they have to do (Budman, 2).However, Shenkar argued with this position. He pointed out that the maturation of the United States from agricultural to industrial economy was due largely to the improvements in mach inery and fertilizers. It never altered the countrys production capacity.He added that those displaced in the old agriculture sector shifted to factory jobs the reason why U.S. employment figures were not significantly affected and he wondered if the incoming service sector could do the same. Would people be able to shift jobs easily and have the same opportunities? Would the expected transition maintain if not improve the countrys economic figures? Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Hawaii are service economies, but they are small, clean protected havens. Shenkar was not sure if the United States will survive as a service economy, notwithstanding he admits that this is terra incognita (Shenkar, 164).In addition to emphasizing the colossal size of the Chinese workplace, as described above, Fishman and Shenkar also talked about the growing number of third level graduates, especially in science and engineering. A modern article published in the New York Times expounded it. The article discu ssed a new study late done by the National Academies, the nations leading advisory groups on science and technology. The study surveyed over 200 multinational companies on their research decisions. The results showed that 38% of those 200 companies planned to change the worldwide distribution of their research and development work over the next few years.The report cited senior executives from leading multinational companies such as Dow Chemical, IBM and Hewlett-Packard and the common sentiment could be summed up with the statement, we go with the flow, to find the best minds we can anywhere in the world, a quote from Nicholas M. Donofrio, Executive Vice President for technology and intent at IBM. The article strengthened Fishmans predictions when it reported that American executives are interested about the early erosion of scientific prowess in this country, pointing out the lagging math and science proficiency and the indisposition of some college graduates to pursue careers in science and engineering (Lohr).One time, The Economist published an article displaying the current Chinese obsession with position. Up to a fifth of the population is learning the language, Gordon Brown, the British finance minister shared. He observed that in two decades Chinas English speakers would outnumber native English speakers in the rest of the world (Economist Article, 2006).Fish, author of China, Inc. referred to the Chinese population as the super sized workforce. When discussing the Chinese population he included Chinas uncounted multitude stating that the Chinese population is enveloping(prenominal) to 1.5 billion rather than the official census count of 1.3 billion. He pointed out that the uncounted multitude was some 200 million, a country in itself and would be the fifth largest in the world.Fish also pointed out that for twenty-five cents an hour, the Chinese workers are not the cheapest in the world but rather they belong in a worlds workshop because China is a stable part of the globe and it offers a vast workforce of reliable, docile, and capable workers who have been groomed by the government-enforced discipline. Since the government has relaxed its policy on the movement of the Chinese people, hundreds of millions of Chinese peasants have been leaving the countryside moving to urban economic centers in search of better recompenseing jobs providing industries with a bottomless pool of low-skilled workers for many years to come (Fish, 7).However, more recent newspaper articles are claiming that China is already experiencing labor shortages. Once such article printed in the New York Times in April, reported that labor shortages are pushing up wages making Chinese-made products less of a bargain. It reported that international manufactures are already talking about moving their factories to lower-cost countries like Vietnam. The article quoted Hong Liang, an economist for Goldman Sachs saying, Were seeing an end to the golden period of extremely low-cost labor in China. The article offered a couple of explanations for the labor shortages.It said that one was the changing government policies. In an effort to improve rural communities in China, the government scrapped the agricultural tax and it encouraged investments in local economies especially in the poorer, inland provinces. The resulting economies created jobs providing alternative options instead of migrating to far places for job opportunities. Another reason was said to be the Chinas one-child policy. Many of this generation are now emerging into the workforce with post second-string education.Opportunities exist are laid out for them which were not provided for their parents. Chen Guanghan, a professor at Zhongshan University in Hong Kong explained that the new generation is different. He said, they are reluctant to take factory jobs that are harsh and pay very little. Barboza offered a third reason for the labor shortages. He stated that workers are more concerned about factory conditions, knows a good deal from a bad one transfer from one job to another (Barboza, 2006).Interestingly, with all the heated arguments regarding Chinas rising economy, Daniel Griswold, writer for CATO Institute well-advised the government and economic people to forget the deficits and go for growth. Trade deficits are actually reflections of the flow of capital across international borders so trade policies in reality do little to affect a nations trade deficit.The US Department of Commerce made a study soon outlining the nature of the deficit. The study claimed that 90% of imports from China do not actually replace the American manufacturing goods. Instead, they serve as substitutes for imports, which should have been provided by other countries. It also supported other studies stressing that China is not really the culprit as the US also trade with other countries. It just so happened that previous export processing plants and businesses were tra nsferred from other Southeast countries to mainland China.On the other hand, China is unfair to US in the sense that it does not give the same access to its market. It imposes high tariffs to US goods so in the end Chinese products are brought at lower prices while US merchandise are sold at higher prices. Normally, cost-conscious consumer will buy cheap items. An American will prefer the cheaper MP3 made in China than the domestic produce contrary to the Chinese choosing between the cheap domestic-manufactured gadgets over the US imported one, which due to the high taxes are not that budget-friendly.But some thinkers believe that deficits are not disastrous for a country. Instead, they are said to be sign of good measure. One example cited was the tripling of US trade deficit in the early 90s where industrial production actually increased by 24%. In addition, deficits do not cause job losses. They are evidence of rising employment. These are accord to the Trade Deficit Review Com mission.In reality, there are really no great mischievous effects of the rising Chinese economy to the US trade values, even if there are, those effects are normal and it just so happened that they are dealing with China. The same thing happened during the initial boom of the off-shoring business. Also, there had been similar instances like that of during the 1980s and early 90s when the US government pressured Japan for the same reason (The Economist).The original proponent of the Anti-China campaign was started by the textile industry. The truth is that American consumers benefited greatly from the influx of China cloth It actually hurts the American consumers. Protecting the textile industry have high cost shouldered by the low-income earners who are the largest proportion of clothing buyers (Dan Ikenson, 2003).Also, it is wise to note that the domestic recession of 2001 and not the Chinese ascent is the main culprit for the losses (Tyson, 2005). As the United States experienced huge growth in the early year, stretchability peak normally causes the expected decline. Whatever goes up will at long last go down. The problem began when America failed to maintain its lead.Also, as the United States suffered job losses China suffered as well. 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